MARTIUS ON THE BOTANY OF BRAZIL. 13 



wards he resided several years in the Capitania of Ciara. 

 The official account of the Natural History and Geography 

 of this Captaincy (Rio, 1815) affords no important results 

 especially in Botany. Freijo served the state for a long 

 time as Director of the Cabinet of Natural History at Rio 

 de Janeiro. 



Altliougii three men of public spirit and great influence 

 endeavoured, during the early part of the present century, 

 to elevate the standard of Botany in Portugal and Brazil to 

 a higher scale, yet their efforts were not crowned with any 

 particular success. The first of these was Jose Correa da 

 Serra, a Botanist, as his beautiful carpological works and 

 his treatise on the AurantiacecB abundantly prove. As secre- 

 tary of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon, which he 

 established through the influence of the Duke of Lafoens, he 

 was actively engaged in correspondence with the Naturalists 

 and men of science in Brazil, and thereby enriched the Mu- 

 seum of the Academy. The other two promoters of Botany 

 were the minister of state, Don Rodriguez de Souza Con- 

 tinho, Conde de Linhares, and Ant. de Arauja de Conde da 

 Barca. The first established a Botanic Garden at Para, 

 where he for a long time resided as Governor, and where he 

 especially wished to introduce the equatorial plants. After- 

 wards, when removed to Rio de Janeiro, as Minister of the 

 Interior, he strove to improve the mode of instruction at the 

 schools in the branches of Natural History ; he placed Pro- 

 fessors in the schools of Medicine, and endowed the Cabinet 

 of Natural History. Arauja himself was a cultivator, and he 

 had in his private garden about 1400 species of plants, of 

 which he made a Catalogue. To him the country is indebted 

 for the formation, and afterwards the enlargement of the 

 noble Botanic Garden at Rio (Jardin Botanico de Alagoa de 

 Treilos) destined to receive all the useful plants of the tro- 

 pics, and where the Tea Plant is cultivated by Chinese 

 whom he introduced to the country. Notwithstanding this 

 friendly encouragement, the science of Botany did not take 

 deep root ; and if at any time among the younger physicians 



