INTRODUCTION. XV 
_Surga Rooer, which are still more elevated, being 22,390 and 22,906. These approach 
the lofty mountains in the neighbourhood of Kedarnath, measured in Captain Webb’s 
survey. 
This survey is not less interesting than the former, embracing the space included 
between the Bhagirethi branch of the Ganges on the N.W., and the Kalee river, 
which separates the British from the Nepalese territories on the S.E.; tracing the 
sources of the latter river, as well as of the Aluknunda branch of the Ganges, and 
extending from the plains of Rohilcund to the snowy passes: the whole embracing 
a space of about 10,967 square miles, which constitutes the present province of 
Kemaon. Proceeding from the plains of Rohilcund, where Captain Webb ascertained 
Pilibhit to be elevated 560 feet; and Casipore, further to the north, on the same 
inclined plane (v. p. x.) 757 feet; the first range, through which there are several 
passes, is found elevated 4,300 feet; and the second, or Ghagur range, between 
7 and 8,000 feet. In the interior, the mountains are of less height, but the peaks from 
8,000 to 9,000 feet in elevation. Serinuggur, the capital, being in a valley, is found 
to be not more than 1,708 feet, if ascertained by cotemporaneous observations at Paoree, 
but 1,834 feet, if compared with the barometer at Calcutta. Paoree itself is 5,238 feet 
from the mean of numerous observations. Hawulbagh is 3,976; Almora 5,400; 
Pethoragurh 5,462; Lohooghat 5,562. Nearer the snowy peaks we have the temple 
at Chundur budunee 7,427 feet if compared with Calcutta, 7,389 if with Paoree (7,666 
in-map.) The temple at Kedarnath is 11,753; that of Budrinath 10,294; of Milum 
11,682; and Pilkonta churhai 12,620 feet. 
The mountain masses and snowy peaks have. been arranged into several groupes 
by Mr. Colebrooke, and as this mode will best serve the general purposes of this 
abstract, they are here enumerated. First, a cluster extending from Kedarnath 
to Budrinath presents six peaks, varying in height from 22,130 to 23,441, and 
three contiguous ones from 19,178 to 21,683. Secondly, in a group of still loftier 
elevation, in the district of Juwahir, four peaks rise from 22,385 to 25,741 feet; 
the latter, the Juwahir peak, is the highest point ‘in the surveyed portion of the 
mountains. Two contiguous ones on the west are 20,758 and 15,805, and a 
multitude of positions towards the east have been measured, and found to be from 
10,653 to 12,228 feet. In the third group on the westward of the Dhoulee river, 
leading to the Darma Dhoulee Pass, the loftiest peak is 22,707 feet high, encompassed 
by four others, towering from 18,066 to 21,511. Between this and the Byans Pass, 
three peaks were measured, varying in height from 19,171 to 21,222, and two 
others nearest to the pass, of which the highest is 22,513. On the S.E. of the 
Byans Pass, there is a peak 19,929, followed by others of less elevation, which lead to 
a fifth group of lofty peaks, of which the most elevated is 22,799 feet, followed by others 
declining from 22,310 to 20,995. The loftiest of this fifth group is distinctly visible 
from Pilibhit, as is the highest of the third cluster, and the southernmost of the second 
group. Their heights, as determined from the result of several measures by Captain 
c2 Webb, 
