xxXX GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF 
fossils have since been discovered there by the engineers employed in improving the navigation of the 
Jumna: v. papers by Capt. E. Smith, and by Mr. Dean, J. A.S. i, p. 622, iii., p. 302, iv., p. 261. 
Dr. Govan, in September 1831, discovered some Himalayan limestone which bore the impression either 
of a reptile or of one of the crustacea, which has not yet been described, but with this exception, nothing 
had been found on the southern face of the Himalayas, or from the Plains to the Snowy Peaks, and yet 
diligent search had been made for fossils in the Sewaliks themselves, but chiefly from the Kheree Pass to 
Hurdwar, by Capt. Herbert, and by Mons. Jacquemont at Nahun and in the Kheree Pass, as professed 
geologists ; by Capt. Cautley and the author in their occasional visits to the latter and to Hurdwar. Capt. 
De Bude of the Engineers, when cutting down the rock at Hurdwar, and the shingly summit of the Kheree 
Pass, had been requested to look out for any appearance of fossil remains ; and one of the officers of the 
Engineers, who has since distinguished himself in such discoveries, almost threw himself upon what he con- 
ceived to be a deposit of fossils, when the police officer who is stationed near the head of the Kheree Pass 
came up and informed the party that a camel had died there in the previous year. Lignite had been 
discovered here, and described by Capts. Herbert and Cautley. To this the author projected a visit, 
before leaving that part of India, with Dr. Falconer; but, as time was wanting, the latter went alone, 
and “returned loaded, not only with lignite, but with noble fossils of the monsters of the deep ; bones 
of crocodilidse, fragments of the shell of large turtles, and a fragment of a bivalve shell as large as an 
oyster.”——Journ. As. Soc., i. p. 97,—as announced by the author in some notes read to the Asiatic 
Society in February 1832, when he was led to inquire whether those fossils did not probably belong to 
the same formation as those discovered by Dr. Wallich and Mr. Crawford on the Irawady. No further 
progress seems to have been made until April 1834, when Dr. Falconer picked up the shell of a fossil 
tortoise in the Timly Pass; Capt. Cautley immediately proceeded to the Kaloowala Pass, where he had 
discovered the lignite in 1827, when Dr. F’. recognized a bone, and in the course of the digging, they 
found teeth of crocodiles; shells of tortoises; teeth, apparently of squalus; and bones and teeth of a 
pachydermatous animal, apparently Anthracotherium, v. Plate 3, fig. 4to 15. The lignite lies between two 
-beds of marl, or clay conglomerate ; and in the upper of them the remains were found. Lieut. Durand, 
in September 1834, met with this marl, or clay conglomerate, on the north face of Nahun, with tortoise, 
Saurian, mammal, and fish remains. 3 
But this discovery was eclipsed by that of the more extensive and important deposit of remains of fossil 
mammalia on the same range of hills to the westward of the Jumna, to which the duties of the Canal 
officers often led them. Attention was directed to this by Lieut. Baker having had given him, by the 
Nahun rajah, the fossil tooth of an elephant (Elephas primigenius) which had been picked up at Sumro- 
tee, near the Pinjore valley. Lieut. B. proceeded to the Ambwalla Pass, on the western side of the Jumna, 
— _— a large bone of some huge animal ; Capt. Cautley, with his characteristic zeal, immediately 
S05 Lieuts. Baker and Durand ; when they carefully examined the ravine and slip, and brought away 
7 upper strata of sandstone seven fragments of bone, some of very large elephants, and the tibia, 
apparently, of a camel. A thin bed of blue clay, or blue marl, underlying the sandstone,.and dipping at an 
angle of 20° to 80°, was found full of fresh water shells, as of Planorbis and of Paludina, v. Journ. As. 
Soc., we: La Specimens were also procured from other parts of the range, proving that from the Jumna 
to = Pinjore valley these mountains abound in fossils; and, in March 1837, Dr. Falconer announced 
ene ue Ta iW i a 
| province of Kemaon. Since then, the progress of discovery 
* Though the Author refers to the Journal of the Asiatic Society, &e. as showing the publication of the information, yet he = 
chiefly from letters addressed to him by Capt. Cautle i resen 
‘ " y, and which are those referred to by Mr. Lyell in his i i 
Wollaston medal, in 1837, to the Author, to be forwarded to Capt. Cautley and Dr. Falconer. oe ee 
