Ix MAMMALOGY OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
and other intelligent travellers. Dr. Royle found it common enough in the neighbourhood of Hurdwar 
in April, and on Tuen and Manma at 9,000 feet of elevation in the latter end of May and in June. 
The Bhunder, Bender, or Bandar, the Common Monkey of Bengal and Upper India (Papio Rhesus), 
though said by Mr. Hodgson to exist in the central regions of Nepal, only in the vicinity of the 
temples, and in a semi-domestic state, whence he conjectures it to have been introduced from religious 
motives, is also reported to abound in Kumaon; and it is highly probable, that the nearly 
allied species (Papio Assamensis) lately discovered by Mr. M‘Clelland in Assam, ascends the more 
eastern hills, as its congener does the central and western ranges. Of this, however, we have no positive 
knowledge, though the close affinity of the animals gives a strong degree of probability to the fact ; 
but the various species of Monkeys which Mr. Fraser thinks may be found along the upper courses of 
the Jumna and Ganges, rest on more questionable authority ; and it is not unlikely that this intelligent 
traveller, as indeed he has himself conjectured, was deceived by distance, variety of size, and other 
circumstances, which give a very different appearance to individuals of the same species. Mr. Hodgson* 
gives the Bonnet Monkey (Cercopithecus radiatus) as a native of Nepal; but this species is confined, 
as far as at present known, to the Peninsula and western coast of India, and seems to have been 
confounded by Mr. H. with the Papio Rhesus, or Bhunder of Hindustan. The same gentleman, in a 
letter to the Zoological Society, written some years ago, mentions that his shooters were once alarmed 
in the Kachar, or Alpine regions of Nepal, by the appearance of a wild man, which walked erect, 
was covered with long dark hair, and had no tail. The improbability of finding a real Ape in such a 
situation led him to question the truth of the report; but it is well known that the woods of the lower 
ranges to the east of Nepal contain at least one species of Gibbon, Hylobates Scyritus, called Hooloo 
or Hooloc by the Assamese ; and it is not improbable that individuals may occasionally wander to the 
higher and more remote forests of the Central Hills. 
CHEIROPTERA. 
When it is recollected that of the sixteen species of Bats, now known to inhabit the British islands, 
no fewer than ten have been discovered within the last few years, it will not appear surprising that we 
should be so imperfectly acquainted with this department of Himalayan Mammalogy. Mr. Hodgson, 
indeed, is the only author who has furnished us with any details on the subject: his “* Synopsis of the 
Vespertilionide of Nepal,” published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. iv. p.699, 
contains an enumeration of seven species of Cheiroptera: but, as he himself very candidly observes, his 
specific identifications must be received with considerable caution, from his want of access to extensive 
libraries and museums, for the purpose of comparison. Of the two species of Pteropus, for instance, 
which he has there briefly described under the names of P. leucocephalus and P. pyrivorus, the 
former does not appear to differ from the P. medius or Edwardsii of the Plains; and the probability 
of its identity with that species is increased by the fact, which Mr. Hodgson mentions, of its only 
_ visiting the temperate regions of Nepal during the autumn, returning of course to the more sultry 
_ plains of India on the approach of the cold season. The Pteropus rubicollis of Mr. M‘Clelland’s 
_ “list of objects of Natural History collected in Assam,” is likewise identical with the P. Ed- 
wardsii. The only other species of tailless Pteropus known to inhabit the continent of India, 
_ Pteropus Dussumieri, is very different in its characters from Pteropus medius; and as Dr. Royle 
brought undoubted specimens of this latter species from the lower hills a little farther west, it is but 
reasonable to suppose that it is equally common in Nepal, and consequently identical with Mr. 
* Proc. Zool. Soe. II. 96. Hele: 
