THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 17 
Leguminosé consist of a few shrubby Indigofere, Acacie, and Desmodia, as well as of 
small species of Cassia and Crotalaria. Species of Vitis are found in the valleys and at 
moderate elevations; of Tiliacee, Corchorus and Grewia; of Apocyene, Alstonia ; of 
Asclepiadee, a few species of Cynanchum, Oxystelma, Marsdenia, and Hoya ; and of 
Myrsine@, two or three shrubby species of Myrsine and Beobotrys. 
That the arboreous vegetation corresponds almost entirely with that of temperate 
climates, will be evident from a mere enumeration of the plants which constitute the 
forests at elevations of from seven to eight thousand feet. These consist almost 
entirely of Rhododendron arboreum, and species of Quercus, Acer, Ulmus, Carpinus, 
with, more frequently on the northern aspect, the different Himalayan Pines. Of 
smaller trees, there are species of Cornus, Benthamia, Euonymus, Rhamnus, Rhus, Ilex, 
Andromeda ; and of shrubs, Berberis, Buus, Daphne, Crategus, and Coriaria, with 
others of the Rosacee, Caprifoliacee, and Smilacee. Among the trees which produce 
edible fruits, now cultivated in almost every part of the world (here growing appa- 
rently wild, but some may have been introduced from the mountains of Caubul 
and the hilly regions further to the north-westward), we have Juglans regia, Arme- 
niaca vulgaris, Persica vulgaris, and Punica Granatum, with species of Pyrus, 
Cerasus, Rubus, and Morus. Species of Abelia and Stauntonia are interesting, as the 
only other species are found in China; and species of Deutzia, Kadsura, and Hovenia 
are found here, in Nipal, and Japan, as well as Boehmeria frutescens, Daphne can- 
nabina, Cleyera ochnacea, and Lonicera japonica. Senacia nepalensis is remarkable as 
belonging to a genus of which the other species are found in Mauritius, and the rest of 
the family scattered from New Zealand in the southern to Madeira in the northern. 
hemisphere, nearly in the same latitude, to which the Himalayan species of Senacia 
extends. Many of the trees and shrubs belong to the same genera as those of the 
northern parts of America, but the genus Triosteum is peculiar in being confined to 
North America and to parts of the Himalaya. So also Onoseris nepalensis and Leuco- 
meris spectabilis belong to genera of which the rest of the tribe are South American. 
But as the climate has been shewn to correspond in so many respects with that of the 
temperate zone, so do we find the distinguishing characteristic of this mid region of the 
Himalaya to be that which is the most pleasing feature of climes where man, as De 
Candolle observes, attains the greatest perfection. Here, in a rich thick sward, nume- 
rous delicate annuals are found, .of which the congeners are so abundant in European 
countries, and which to enumerate at present would be tedious and out of place:. but 
they may be described in general terms as belonging to the great European families 
of Ranunculaceae, Umbellifere, Sarifragee, Crassulacee, Caryophylleea, Hypericinee, 
Geraniacee, Violacez, and a few Crucifere. Among the monopetalous tribes, Cam- 
panulacee, Plantaginee, Dipsacee, Valerianee ; and of Composite, species of Carduus, 
Echinops, Lactuca, Hieracium, and Mulgedium, as well as of Solidago, Diplopappus, Aster, 
Achillea, Artemisia, Gnaphalium, Carpesium, and Senecio; together with species of 
Stellate, Gentianee, Primulacee, Pediculares, and Labiate. The monocotyledons consist 
D of 
