1s ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF 
of Iride@, Juncee, herbaceous Asphodelee, Liliaceae, Aroidee. The Graminee consist of 
species of Agrostis, Polypogon, Trisetum, Poa, Festuca, Brachypodium, Keleria, and 
Vilfa; with of Cyperacee several species of Carer. Of Rutacee, a single species, Ruta 
Albiflora is extremely abundant. Ovvalis Corniculata and Centranthera hispida, as well 
as other plants, are found both in the hills and the plains. This’ is accounted for by 
observing that the cold weather of the latter and the warm weather of the former 
approximate much nearer the same degree of temperature than would at first be sup- 
posed, and these are the respective seasons of vegetation of many of these plants. 
It is not necessary to be more minute on the present occasion, but some plants may 
be more particularly alluded to, as they are remarkable on account of their geographical 
distribution ; as for instance, we have among the herbaceous, as among the shrubby 
yegetation, an affinity to the Flora of China and Japan, in Ophiopogon spicatus and 
Japonicus, Pardanthus Chinensis, and Houttuynia cordata being found here as well as in 
_ those countries. With reference to the Flora of North America, analogous species of 
Podophyllum, Monotropa, Phytolacca, Ampelopsis, and other genera have been found, and 
the specific identity of American and Himalayan specimens of Panaxr quinguefolium, 
Phryma leptostachya, and Datura Stramonium has been ascertained ; while Chaptala 
gossypina is a Himalayan species of a South American genus and tribe. But what is 
still more remarkable, a species of Sclerocarpus, which does not seem to differ from 
S. africanus,* has been found at Mussoree and at Simla as well as in Africa, while 
a species of Melianthus, a genus belonging to the Cape of Good Hope, exists also in 
Kemaon. With respect to the Flora of Europe, the number of identical species already 
ascertained is more numerous, and others I have no doubt will be determined to be so 
in the families which remain to be examined. Of those already ascertained, it will be 
sufficient to mention Ranunculus arvensis, Ti hlaspi arvense, Capsella Bursa Pastoris, 
Hedera Helix, Galium Aparine, Leontodon Taraxacum, -Acorus Calamus, Alisma Plan- 
tago, Prunella vulgaris, Carduus nutans, Phleum alpinum, Alopecurus geniculaius, Pha- 
laris canariensis, Cynodon Dactylon, Poa annua, Lolium temulentum. Samolus Valerandi 
is a remarkable instance of a plant found in many parts of the world, but in no part of 
India except at moderate elevations in moist situations in the interior of the Himalaya. 
In the same way that we have seen the plains, from their northern latitude, and from 
being also within the influence of the periodical rains, enjoying the benefits both of an 
European and a tropical climate, with respect to the seasons and the nature of their 
cultivation ; so do we find the hilly regions, with their cool summits and heated valleys 
equally deluged by the same rains, partaking of the same advantages; and we may 
sometimes, at the same time, see wheat being cut on the top of a mountain and rice 
‘sown in the valley at its base: or immediately that the former is removed, the ground 
“Sao prepared 
* This plant was recognised in my collection by Mr. David Don, who informs me that he had also seen a 
specimen in a collection formed by the Countess of Dalhousie at Simla. 
