20 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF 
which they are sunk as by the layer of snow, have been well protected from the 
excess of cold, at a season when the Entellus had retired to the neighbouring plains. 
The Tiger, Leopard, and others of the feline tribe, travel upwards to a considerable 
height in search of prey. The Mustela Hardwickit is common, and the Himalayan 
Fox is distinguished from that of the plains both by size and colour, and in both 
approximates to. the English variety. The Porcupine: of the hills does not seem to 
differ from that in the plains, but as it lives under ground, where greater equability 
of temperature: is preserved, a more extended diffusion of the species takes place. 
The Wild Dog is, like the Hog, found at every eleyation. The Flying Squirrel 
supplies the place of the so-called Flying Fox or Fox Bat of the plains. The Jurao 
or great Stag is the largest and most common of the tribe, and the Muntjac (Cervus 
Rutwa. Hodgs.) the smallest, and always recognised by the peculiar noise he makes, 
from which he has by English travellers been called ‘‘ the Barking Deer.” The 
Antelope Hodgsonii, A. ghoral, and the Musk, though inhabitants of a higher and 
colder region, are at particular seasons seen within this limit. The Eagle and 
Bearded Vulture are here, as elsewhere in the mountains, seen soaring aloft. The 
Pheasants peculiar and: most common to these heights are Phasianus leuconotus and 
pokras; others may be seen when the season is inclement in loftier regions. Corvus 
erythorhynchus is common to these hills and to.China, while Garrulus. bispecularis and 
lanceolatus nearly approach to European forms of Jay; and Pica vagabunda is iden- 
tical. The Cuckoo is. most common,. and heard every where; and like many others, 
indicates the temperate nature of the climate. Among insects, the Glow-worm 
strikes every one with the brilliancy of its light, and the Cicadas with the incessant 
noise they make; while the existence of the Stag Beetle, and of the following 
Butterflies, proves the analogy with European forms; Colias edura, Geoneptrix rhamni, 
Vanessa cardui et urtice, Pontia brassice, Argynnis tephnia. 
We shall now proceed to take a general view of the higher belt, where we shall 
find the affinities both in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, as well as in the 
meteorological phenomena, to be considerable with those of cold and Alpine regions 
of the globe. As lofty summits in the interior of the Himalaya are covered with 
snow until May and June, perennial roots, are always protected from excessive cold’ 
while annuals and the herbaceous parts of perennials are destroyed. The snow not 
melting until the sun has nearly reached his most northern limit, the increase of 
temperature is great and sudden, and the vegetation proportionally rapid, exactly 
as we know to be the case in polar regions. To give the reader a clearer idea of 
tle appearances which present themselves while ascending these lofty peaks, a few 
abridged extracts from the author’s journal are subjoined. 
«« In ascending the Choor mountain on the 9th of May, at first the ordinary Himalayan 
trees, such as Rhododendron arboreum and Quercus lanata, were met with; the pines then 
made their appearance. Every thing looked like the revival of spring, some of the 
trees and shrubs were putting forth new leaves, others, as Viburnum, Acer, and Ribes, 
were 
