Fumariacee.} THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 67 
the manufacture of opium at that place, so that Dr. Thomson mentions in his late work, 
‘« That some specimens of the Bengal opium have: been lately sent to Europe, which in 
‘ appearance equal the best Turkey opium.” ' gest 
In a paper by Dr. Smyttan, inspector of opium at Bombay, lately read before’ the 
Medical Society of. Calcutta, an account is given of the varieties of East-Indian opium, 
and a comparison drawn between the quantity of morphia afforded by Bengal, Malwa, 
and Turkey opium respectively, froma:series of experiments madé by himself and Dr, 
Maxwell at: Bombay; and by Dr. Jamieson in Calcutta. Dr.-S. observes, that good 
Turkey opium is said to contain néarly three times the quantity of morphia found to be 
procutable from the product of the: Bengal provinces. The best produce of the Malwa 
districts, he adds, differs from Bengal-opium, both in appearance and quality, quite as 
much as the Turkey opium does; and that while the latter yielded 63 per cent. of 
morphia, the’ Malwa afforded 6 per cent., the Bengal about  half.as much, but some 
fine specimens of Bareilly opium, no less than 83 per cent. of morphia. | Still further 
to the north-west than Bareilly, I made some opium at Saharunpore, which in colour, 
smell, arid general appearance, resembled the Turkey, or rather Persian opium, more 
closely than any that Ihave seen. The opium cultivated in the hills, as also that in the 
plains of the Seik country, is also, when unadulterated, of a superior quality., Indeed, if | 
it were an object to make the best opium for the European market, there is no doubt 
that Malwa and the north-western provinces of India would be best suited for the 
experiment, as the climate during the season of cultivation most nearly resembles that of 
the provinces where the best Persian (commonly called Turkey) opium is made. 
Papaver glabrum ; capsula glabra obconica, caule ramosissimo multifloro glaberrimo, foliis glaucis 
pinnatisectis, segmentis lanceolatis integris dentatisve seta terminatis—Planta pedalis bipedalisve. 
P. Caucasico affinis—Corolla, calyxque caducissimi, P. Rheadis magnitudine et colore.—Capsule 
obconicee elongatee.—Stigmata 5-7 radiantia.—Hab. Corn-fields on the terraced mountain sides of the 
Himalaya, at elevations of from 5,000 to 7,000 feet ; flowering in April and May. 
Meconopsis aculeata, caule erecto sulcato ut planta omni parte aculeato, foliis longe petiolatis oblongis 
decurrentibus subpinnatisectis sinubus obtusis, floribus axillaribus solitariis terminalibusve paniculatis, 
capsulis oblongis utrinque acutis dense aculeatis. (Tab. 15, plant in flower, and a'specimen in seed :) 
—Hab. This plant is common on the Choor and Kedarkanta, as well as in Kunawur, and has also beet 
hrought me from Peer Punjal. The root is long and tapering. Stem ascending, erect, ’ from one to 
two feet in height, leafy, furrowed, and like every part of the plant, except the petals. and stamens 
densely aculeate. The leaves long-petioled, oblong, subpinnatifid, with irregular and obtuse Pei 
frequently decurrent on the petioles, upper ones sessile. Petioles broad and sheathing at the’ base. 
Flowers axillary and terminal, often in the axilla of all the leaves, Jong peduncled. Cape Psepiled ; 
sepals roundish-oval, caducous, aculeate. Petals 4, obovate roundish, red. ‘Stamens very numerous ; 
filaments capillary ; anthers oblong, inserted by the base; ovary ovate, poatted; aculeate. | Style 
half the length of the ovary ; after the flower has fallen, it becomes elongated -_ twisted. Stigmas 
4, oblong, united into a capitate head. Capsules oblong, tapering towards both ends, 1-celled. Placente 
ribbed intervalvular; valves 4 to 5, separating from the placente at the apex of the capsule for the 
escape of the seeds. Seeds numerous, minute. . 
: 10. FUMARIACE#. 
common in the temperate parts of the northern hemisphere, is, like others 
common in the Himalayas from Nepal to Cashmere, where 
K 2 about 
This family, 
of the same locality, 
