Dipterocarpex.| THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 105 
extract any oil from the fruit. The hard ‘and dry, deeply-grooved and elegantly- 
sculptured seeds of this genus, particularly of the species E. ganitrus, tuberculatus, and 
lanceolatus, are frequently worn as beads, by the holy men in India; and set in gold, 
are sometimes even sold as ornaments in shops in Europe. 
28. ‘DIPTEROCARPER.. 
The existence of this order was first indicated by the junior Gertner, who described 
and figured together the genera Shorea, Dipterocarpus, and Dryobalanops, pointing out 
their close affinity to one other, as well as to his father’s Caryolobis. . Dr. Roxburgh 
also fully recognized its distinctness ; and in addition to the two first, referred to it his 
Hopea, as well as Vateria of Linneus. The order he named Shoreace@, but his work 
having remained so many years in manuscript, the name Dipterocarpee was applied by 
Blume, and has been generally received. This order is readily recognised by the 
fruit being surrounded by the dilated, foliaceous, frequently unequal calyx : it has been 
shewn by Blume and Dr. Lindley to be allied to Malvaceae, by its crumpled cotyledons, 
and the contorted estivation of the corolla ; in the latter respect, it is allied to Bombacee, 
but may be readily distinguished from both by its calyx not being valved, a8 well as 
by its free filaments, two-celled subulate anthers opening towards the apex, and by 
the coriaceous one-celled fruit, From Byttneriacee it is only distinguished by the 
imbricate estivation of the calyx, free stamens, and inverse embryo ; approaches 
Tiliacee in the free stamens and stipulate leaves, and Eleocarpee in habit and in the 
form of the anther, but may be distinguished by its petals not being fringed, and by 
the want of albumen. Their resinous juice, solitary superior ovarium, drupaceous 
fruit, numerous long anthers, irregular-coloured calyx, and single exalbuminous seed, 
allies them, as Blume remarks, to Guttifere, from which their stipule and the estiva- 
tion of the corolla abundantly distinguishes them. . (Lindl. Nat. Syst.of Botany, p.42.) 
_ Dr. Lindley includes them in his Nixus, Malvales, with Byttneriacea, Malvaceae, (of 
which Bombacee is considered a section), El@ocarpee and Tiliacee: Mr. Don places 
them near Ochnacee. The dilated persistent leaflets of the calyx seem to be useful in 
preventing the seed sinking into the ground, as those of Shorea robusta will not germi- 
nate, unless kept near the surface. 
The distribution of this order is peculiarly Aeaks, almost Salers pA i 
from the line up to 31° of northern latitude. Caryolobis is only referred to the East 
Indies. The genera Dryobalanops and Dipterocarpus are found, the first only in 
Sumatra, and the second, though occurring in Java, is also found in India, with 
Shorea, Hopea, and Vateria; the two latter only in the peninsula of India, though 
the first is mentioned by Dr, Roxburgh as occurring in the Balaghaut Mountains, but 
all three, with Dipterocarpee, in the lower provinces of Bengal, such as Tippera and 
Chittagong, whence, with the exception of Vateria, they extend southwards into the 
Buffhese territories and the Malayan peninsula. Shorea robusta alone extends to the 
most northern distribution of the order, being found all along the foot of the Himalaya, 
P to 
