Thea.) THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 115 
and occasionally typhons. During these two months and in August, the thermometer 
attains its highest elevation, but seldom exceeds 90°. The heat, however, is very 
oppressive to many ; for at the latter part of this period, when the wind is westerly, 
there is little variation of the thermometer night or day, a sufficient indication of the . 
moisture of the climate during this season. 
It would be desirable to know the quantity of rain which falls, but the only register 
that I have met with is one kept at Macao, and appended to the above thermometrical 
register of Canton. The climate is much the same in the two places, with the 
exception of a much smaller range of the thermometer at Macao, as might be expected 
‘nan insular climate ; for though the heats are nearly as great in the warm months, 
the fall of the thermometer at night and in winter is much less. The quantity of 
rain which falls at Macao, on an average of eighteen years, is about 694 inches 
annually—107 inches is the largest, and 49 the smallest quantity which fell in any 
year. Some rain generally falls in almost every month, though comparatively little 
from November to March ; about five inches in both April and October, and about 
ten inches in each of the months from May to September, both included. If we 
compare the climate of Canton with that of Calcutta, which is not a degree to the 
southward, we shall find that with a maximum temperature of 93.6°, 3.6° above that 
recorded at Canton, the minimum is only 56.8°, being 27.8° above that at Canton; 
and while the mean temperature of the latter is 69.7° (74° according to some), that at 
Calcutta is above 78°. : 
But as a great part of China, with a portion of the tea districts, has been traversed by 
the two British embassies, it will be useful to refer to the thermometrical observations 
which were made, though only for a short period of the year. The only meteorological 
register saved from the shipwreck of the Alceste, was that kept by Dr. Lynn during 
Dr. Abel’s illness, from the 8th September to the 24th of November, that is, from 
Tiensing, near lat. 39°, to Nanchang-foo, about lat. 28° 40’, which is about the 
northern extent of the black tea, and the southern limit of the green-tea district. 
Previous to this, and while at Tung-chow, nearly in N. lat. 40°, Dr. Abel observes, 
that Fahrenheit’s thermometer from 20th August to the 2d of September, frequently 
stood in the shade during the day at 88°, rose once to 93°, and never fell below 83°, 
In the night it generally fell to 72° and 70°, and the weather felt chilly. From the 
above register, it appears that the range of the thermometer was: in the 
° Morning. Noon. Evening. 
Province of Pechelee from 8th to 15th Sept. CW TT 82° ... 76° to 80° (1) 
+, Shantung ... 16th Sept. to2d Oct. 54 — 64 72 — 80 ...66 to77 
Keangnan~.. 3d to 18th Oct. 54 — G5 cee ee G5 — TO wee ove to 70 
ae... 6 end Oct. 56 — 62 «+ ++ 60 — 72 
Ditto, ons: oma in. tolth Bw 08 on wo, 0476 
first met with 
Kiangsee «-. = :18th Noe. 8h Se ce, OS 
(1I)A month later in the season, Lord Macartney’s embassy had found the thermometer at Tien-Sing varying 
from 40° in the morning to 80° at noon. 
Q 2 If 
