120 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF { Thea. 
and others, of which the species are chiefly diffused through tropical countries, as Melia, 
Diospyros, Sterculia, Grewia, Zanthoxylum, Acacia, Tamarix, Indigofera, Lespedesa, Hedy- 
sarum s but of these only single species have in general been enumerated in the northern 
provinces of China, in the same way that we have seen species of the same genera, 
extending to the most northern parts of India, and ascending up the sides of the 
Himalaya within the thick covering of jungle and forest, when they could not exist 
in the moderate cold even of the open places of Northern India. 
But the great resemblance of the Flora of the mountains, and of the northern pro- 
vinces of China and Japan, is to that of Europe, as may be inferred from the existence in 
each of the above genera and a number of the same species; as Humulus Lupulus, 
Chelidonium majus, Hyoscyamus niger, Hedera Helix, Lithospermum arvense, Thiaspi arvense, 
and Capsella Bursa Pastoris ; with several others, which are likewise found in the 
mountains and north of India. But as the north of China forms the southern boundary 
of Tatary; which indeed terminates only at the range of mountains, over the vallies and 
across the ridges of which the great wall is built, we may expect to find in the province 
of Pe-che-lee, many of the plants of the Tatarian and Siberian Regions, which are them- 
selves nearly identical in genera, but distinct in species, in consequence of the greater 
dryness of the former: but all three have a considerable resemblance in, being subjected 
to great dryness and great extremes of heat and cold. Hence we meet with many of 
the plants of Pallas, Ledebour, and others, as included by Bungé in his enumeration of 
the plants of China. (Mem. De lAcad. Imp. des Sciences de St.Petersbourg.) As for 
instance, Clematis angustifolia, Delphinium grandiflorum, Menispermum dauricum, Pa- 
paver nudicaule, Viola variegata, Amygdalus pedunculata, Potentilla supina, bifurca, 
soongorica, and fragarioides ; with Astragalus adsurgens and melilotoides, and species of 
Caragana, Oxytropis, and Patrinia, which are characteristic of these regions; with 
many others, as Serratula centauroides, Aster tataricus, Scorzonera radiata, Apocynum and 
Cynanchum sibiricum, Gentiana squarrosa, Convolvulus subvolubilis, Iris dichotoma, Lilium 
tenuifolium, and Asparagus maritimus. As Kunawur forms the western limit of the 
Tatarian region, we have some of the plants which extended into it from more northern 
latitudes, found-also in this part of China, as Ranunculus salsuginosus, and Stsymbrium 
Sophia. And as some resemblance was shown to exist, in appearance at least, between the 
plants of Kunawur and those of Delhi, we have some of the genera of the’ latter in the pro- 
vince of Pechelee; as Ailanthus, Lycium, and Salsola. Thunberg has long ago remarked, 
that in Japan the cold is greatin winter, and the heat considerable in summer; and that its 
botany resembles that of the north of China: this is fully confirmed by a comparison 
of his Flora with Bunge’s list. He at the same time alluded to the affinity with the 
Flora of Northern America: this may be seen in the prevalence of the genera Magnolia 
Ilicium; and Gleditschia. Panawx pseudo-ginseng, found by Dr.Wallich on Sheopore 
in Nepal, differs but little from the American P. quinguefolium, which is supposed to be 
the same as the plant yielding the Chinese ginseng; some species are identical,as Veronica 
virginica, Ribes Cynosbati, and Datura Stramonium; of which the last, as well as the 
genera 
