Thea.} THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 121 
genera Chaptalia and Ampelopsis, has been found in America, China, and the Hima- 
layas. Between the two latter, however, the analogy in genera is the greatest; and 
even some species which were first discovered in the Himalayas are now enumerated in 
the Flora of China; as Evonymus micranthus, Fraxinus Jloribunda, Rhamnus globosus 
(R. virgatus? Roxb.) and Convallaria cirrhifolia; while others, which were only known 
as Chinese and Japan plants, are found in abundance within the Himalayas, as 
Houttuynia cordata, Hovenia dulcis, Ophiopogon spicatus and japonicus, Kadsura Japonica, 
Hastingia coccinea, Murraya exotica, Hypericum patulum, Spirea callosa, Viola prionantha 
Bge, Lonicera japonica and chinensis, with Daphne cannabina, and many others. 
In conjunction with such genera as were first enumerated, it may excite surprise to 
see so many annuals and such cultivation as we expect to meet with only in tropical 
countries ; but this is far from surprising, when we consider that the temperature of the 
summer months diminishes but little, and in some places rather increases with the 
latitude; as Bruce, in Abyssinia, found the climate on account of the rain 12° cooler 
when the sun was over-head, than when 36° distant to the southward. Thus, at Cal- 
cutta, the temperature of the three warmest months, April, May, and June, is 85.05°, 
and of the rainy months, July, August, and September, 82.83°; at Benares, in N. lat. 
25.18°, the mean temperature of the first period is 90.99°, and of the second 83.01°; 
and at Saharunpore 84.3° and 82.3°; while at Canton, in the three warmest months, 
it is 83.6°, and at Pekin 82.58°; while at the last, the temperature of no less than 
seven months, is above 51.8°. Hence we find the lakes in the northern asin the southern 
provinces, abounding with Nelumbium speciosum and Trapa bicornis, and like those of 
India with Euryale ferov, and species of Nymphea, Pontederia, Sagittaria, Utricularia, 
Myriophyllum and Leersia. Saururus supplies the place of Aponogeton; Phrynium capi- 
tatum employed in making the excellent Calcutta mats, is found in both countries. 
Species of Scirpus, as in India, yield tuberous roots, which are used as food; and 
species of Typha, Acorus, Lemna, Ceratophyllum, and Menyanthes, are found as in 
more northern latitudes; while in the plains of the northern provinces, as we have 
seen, many tropical plants occur. In the central provinces, as we learn from the list 
given by Sir G. Staunton of the plants found in Shan-tung and Kiang-nan; we have 
such tropical plants, as Grislea tomentosa, Vitex negundo and trifolia, Biophytum sensi- 
tivum, Boerhaavia repanda; species of Jasminum, Clerodendrum, Justicia, Basella, 
Rottboellia, Anthistiria, Andropogon, and Cenchrus, with many of those beforementioned, 
as occurring in the most northern provinces. With these there is a mixture of European 
genera, such as exist also in the southern province of Canton, where species of Galium, 
Scabiosa, Lycium, Chelidonium, Saxifraga, Sedum, and Reseda, are stated as occurring 
by Loureiro. It may also be mentioned, that many of the same flowers are common to 
Indiati and Chinese gardens, some of which may also be seen in the summer in gardens 
in Europe; while others which have been introduced from China, are now common in 
every part of India, as Chinese Aster, Dianthus, Iris, Pardanthus, and Justicia ; with 
R Lagerstremia 
