122 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Thea. 
Lagerstramia indica; Dracena ferrea, Hypericum monogynum; Kerria Faponia, Hiptage 
obtusifolia, Olea fragrans, Thuya orientalis, &c. 
It is not surprising, therefore, that the cultivation of every part in the warm weather 
months, is, as we have seen it to be the case even in the most northern province, like 
that of India; to the list there given we’have only to add sugar; and the mulberry for 
the silk-worm, to have a’ cultivation identical with that of India during the warm 
weather. and’ rainy season: Irrigation:supplies in China the want of a'regular rainy 
season in the most northern provinces. «The analogy is still greater, for at the termination 
of the rice and millet crop, we. find wheat, barley, buckwheat, peas, beans, lucern, and 
tobacco, are grown. For we learn from Staunton and Abel, that as the Sorghum vulgare, 
the Jooar of India, and Kow-/eang, or tall corn of the Chinese, was cutting down in the 
northern, and sugar-cane in the southern provinces, wheat was seen springing up, and 
about two inches high, about the middle of October and November. Thunberg states, 
that it flowers in March; so that the crop must be gathered in, about the same time as 
in India, that is, about the end:of March or beginning of April. Mr. Gutzlaff more 
specifically mentions the two crops, one of rice, and the other of wheat, in the cold 
season, That the accession of the: cold weather is sudden we may infer from being | 
informed by Mr. Bell, that’on their arrival in China, near the great wall, they were 
supplied with water and musk-melons, and on the 6th November, only a few days 
afterwards, they encountered: a ‘‘ great: fall of snow, and a cold frosty wind.” Mr. 
Gutzlaff also states, that the 9th of November, when in 40° of latitude, was a very 
pleasant day, but during the night the wind changed, and a strong northerly breeze 
began to blow, the cold was piercing, and in a few hours the rivers and creeks were 
frozen over. | ( Voy. to. China, p. 147.) | 
That the perennials and the botany in general of the southern provinces is very distinct 
from what we have seen to characterise the central and northern provinces, with the 
exception of a few annual species of European genera, allowed to exist during the 
coolness of the winter months, we may learn from the writings of Loureiro and Roxburgh, 
the relations of travellers, and the plants which have been introduced into Europe. 
From these sources we learn the existence of a species of Nepenthes, near Macao, with 
numerous Scitamineé, and tropical: Epiphytal Orchidee, several Palms, as the Cocoa, 
Areca, and Cane palms, together with species of Caryota, Rhapis, Chamerops and 
Tacca, in the most southern provinces ; with Pandanus  odoratissimus, and Cycas inermis. 
Aloexylon Agallochum, the Eagle wood of the ancients, and Aloes wood of the moderns, 
Baryaxylum rufum, iron wood, with species of Canarium, Phyllanthus Emblica, and 
Guilandina Bonduc, are specimens of some of the trees. Laurus Cinnamomum, Camphora 
and Culilaban, affording camphor and cinnamon. Augia sinensis, Eleococcus verrucosus, 
and Stillingia sebifera, yielding varnish, wood-oil, and vegetable tallow, are some of those 
affording useful products; while the fruits consist of pine-apples, papayas, — 
custard-apples, and such as are mentioned at p. 118. 
The 
