Aurantiacea] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 129 
found in the warm parts of America and Jamaica; and one species, X. Russeliana, 
in the Peninsula of India. The rest of the order is found in Africa and its islands. A 
genus, common to Africa and Guiana, affords Heisteria coccinea, the partridge wood of 
cabinet-makers, imported from Martinique. 
31. AURANTIACEZ. 
This family, well known from containing oranges, lemons, and limes, is remarkable 
for the dotted appearance of all parts of the plants, in consequence of their abounding 
in little cells filled with volatile, frequently highly fragrant oil. The orderis allied, on one 
hand, to Amyride@, and on the other to some Rutacee, and is almost entirely confined 
to India and China, where all the genera are found in some part or other of their 
widely-extended territories; with some species only spreading into the islands of the 
Indian Archipelago, and a few into Java, and some even as far south as Madagascar. The 
genera Atalantia and Triphasia are found only in the southern parts; but Bergera, 
Glycosmis, Feronia, AEgle, Limonia, Murraya, and Citrus, also in the most northern 
parts of India. The three last, with Triphasia, are common to it and China. Feronia 
elephantum and Afgle marmelos, are found every where in the plains; but Murraya 
exotica, Bergera Kenigii, Limonia crenulata, and Glycosmis pentaphylla, extend in the 
jungly tract along the foot of the Himalaya, nearly as far north as the banks of the 
Sutlej. age ; 
So great a diversity of opinion being entertained respecting the different plants of the 
genus Citrus, whether they should constitute species or varieties, it becomes difficult to 
say what are such, if only seen in a state of cultivation; but as some are still found 
wild, an opinion may be formed, at least respecting those. In the tract of forest so 
frequently alluded to, as well as in the valleys within the Himalaya, I have seen two 
plants growing apparently wild, one called bijowree, and the other biharee nimboo ; the 
first having the characteristics of the citron, and the other, called also puharee kaguzee, 
those of the demon: both when transferred to gardens retain their peculiar characters. 
From the Rungpore forests a round kind of lime is obtained: in those of Silhet, and 
as it is stated also on the sides of the Neelgherries, the orange is found wild. Captain 
Turner describes the oranges as delicious, and Mr. Saunders, who accompanied him, 
mentions finding many orange and lime-trees at the foot of the hills in approaching 
Buxedwar (v. Turner’s Tibet, p- 20 and p. 387). Citrus decumanus, Shaddock or Pompel- 
moes, does not appear indigenous to India, as its name, batavi nimboo or Batavia lime, 
denotes, as remarked by Dr. Roxburgh, its being an exotic; and as it retains its charac- 
teristics even where it does not succeed as a fruit, it may also be reckoned a distinct 
species. I therefore feel inclined to consider as distinct species, the orange, lemon, 
lime, citron, and shaddock, without being able to say whether the sweet kinds should 
be considered varieties of the acid, or ranked as distinct species. : 
One thing remarkable in the orange tribe is, that though a tropical genus, it ripens its 
fruit only in the winter months; and has thus probably been enabled to travel from 
| India 
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