Guttifera ] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS, . 131 
world, is also common in many parts in the Himalayas and in Cashmere: the former, 
found originally in Japan, has a most extensive distribution along the Himalayas from 
Silhet to Sirmore, and also on the Neelgherries. H. patudum is another plant common 
to Japan and Nepal, from which H.oblongifolium does not appear to me to differ. 
Two new species, both from the Mussooree range, may be added to those already 
enumerated as Himalayan plants: H. debile, which is allied to, and may be a variety 
of H. perforatum ; and H. coriaceum, which resembles Hl. lysimachioides, of which the 
leaves are like those of the rowns or Cotoneaster acwninatwn. | 
In the soft parts of many of this tribe being covered with dotted glands, which con- 
tain a fragrant oil, this family resembles Aurantiacee ; and in secreting a yellow juice, 
the Guttifere ; to which, moreover, it is in many points of structure closely allied. 
In the European species, this yellow juice being in small proportion to the essential oil 
and the rest of the vegetable matter, they have been used as tonics and astringents. 
H. perforatum and H.Androsemum, in use in the earliest times, are referred to by 
Persian authors under the name hoofarikoon, corrupted from the Greek. The former 
we have seen is common in the Himalayas, and is ayailable, if necessary, for the 
Indian Materia Medica. 
Some of the American species of this order are possessed of more copious yellow 
juice, and more energetic properties; that obtained from Vismia Guianensis, a Mexican 
and Surinam tree, is known in commerce, and called American Gummi Gutta. Some 
of the more remarkable arborescent species of this order from the south of India, and 
from Penang and Singapore, may possess similar properties; but they are, of course, 
less valuable where the original and more energetic gamboge is so easily procurable. 
_ Hypericum Japonicum ; D.C. Prod. 1. p. 588.—Thunb, Fl. Japonica, p. 295. t. 81.—Wall. Cat. 
E. I. Herb, N. 4,871. v. Tab. 24, f..2. (a)-Flower seen from above. {b) Do. from below. (c) Capsule 
with persistent calyx and withered corol.—This plant, enjoying a very extended distribution, as above- 
mentioned, is subject to considerable variation in appearance, as may be seen in the E. I. Herbarium. 
It is frequently long, slender, and straggling ; but the specimens I have met with are short, erect or 
ascending, frequently dichotomous. Stems 4-cornered, leafy. Leaves shorter than internodia, opposite, 
eval, entire, half embracing the stem. Flowers single in axille of leaves or terminal, short peluvaled, 
yellow, withering. Bracts leaflike. Sepals 5, oval, acute, dotted, straight-veined, erect, persistent, 
Petais 5, oval-oblong, nearly equal to the sepals, light yellow, of delicate texture, 3 or 5. parallel- 
veined ; in dried specimens rolled up at the apex, so as to appear much shorter than the calyx. a 
3, spreading. Capsules 3-celled ; cells many seeded. Seeds ovoid. 
| | _ 33, GUTTIFERA. 
This family, named from many of the species producing the genie, grpesonests 
juice, resembling gamboge, which was formerly called gummi gutta, is strictly a tropical 
order, and abundant in the Malayan Peninsula and islands to the eastward of the bay 
of Bengal. A few-species are found in Ceylon and the Peninsula of India, 3 Cale 
phyllum inophyllum and spurium, Mesua ferrea, Xanthochymus pictorius and ovalifolius, 
Garcinia cambogia, zeylanica and pictoria, the last from the higher parts of Wynaad, 
where, as Dr. Roxburgh remarks, there is constant moisture from fogs during the dry 
= s2 season, 
