144 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF Ampelidece. 
seed. Neem leaves are universally used in India for poultices; and the seeds called 
nibuolee, are employed for killing insects, being first skinned; the kernel powdered and 
‘mixed with water is used for washing the hair. A kind of toddy is, moreover, pro- 
cured from tapping healthy young margosa trees, according to Dr. Ainslie. The seeds 
of Melia bukayun, called hub-ool-ban, are considered emetic, laxative, and anthelmintic; 
and the bark is accounted bitter and anthelmintic in Java, that is, if JZ. sempervirens 
be the same as bukayun. 
Many of the other Meliacee possess bitter and tonic principles, as the bark, leaves, 
and tender parts of Heynea trijuga. M. Blume ascribes to Sandoricum indicum some of 
the same properties as to Melia: it is employed as an astringent, with the bark of 
Carapa obovata. The bark of Xylocarpus granatum, as well as the steds, is very bitter. 
Cedrela serrata; foliolis 12-jugis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis marginibus irregulariter serratis subtus 
glaucescentibus, racemis pendulis foliis longioribus. v. Tab. 25.—This tree, called durloo by the natives, 
is found in the valleys of the Himalaya, growing in similar situations with the toon,but with lighter- 
coloured wood, and attains a smaller size; though it may be readily recognised by its large leaves, 
which are, however, exceeded in length by the immense racemes of flowers, which are diminished more 
than one-half in the figure. The flowers are also larger than those of C. Toona, and have five sterile sta- 
mens, which have not, however, been represented by the artist, alternating with the erect fertile ones. 
42. AMPELIDEX. 
This order, named from the Greek name of the grape-vine, is also called Sarmentacee, 
Vites, and Vinifere. It includes the genera Cissus and Vitis, which are now generally 
united into one, under the latter name, forming, with Ampelopsis, one section of the 
order, while Leea and Lasianthera form another :—the latter an African genus, the 
_ former confined to India and the islands of Ceylon and Mauritius. The genus Ampe- 
lopsis, formed by Michaux of some North American plants, distinguished from Vitis by 
its distinct and spreading petals, has also been found in the north, both of Africa and 
of China, as well as in the Himalayas, at Mussooree and Simla. The genus Vitis is 
found in the equinoxial parts, both of the Old and New World, extending into both the 
temperate zones; as southwards, to the Cape of Good Hope and New Holland, and 
northwards, to Japan and North America, as well as from the plains of India to the 
defiles of Caucasus. We may therefore expect to meet species of the genus, as we 
have done so many others with a similar geographical distribution, at the foot as well as 
at moderate elevations in the Himalaya. The species of Vitis are numerous in India, as 
Dr.Wallich has enumerated upwards of fifty in his Catalogue; of these several are 
common to the peninsula of India, the lower parts of Bengal, and the country about 
Silhet. V. auriculata, tomentosa, and adnata, travel upwards towards Rajmahl and 
Monghir. V. guadrangularis. may be traced further north in the plains of India, near 
villages and the abodes of Fuqueers ; but Vitis (Cissus, Roxb.) carnosa is common 
in the plains of Northern India; and V. latifolia in the jungles towards Kheree and 
at the foot of the hills: both send up their young shoots during the rainy season, 
and have their great roots, or rather under-ground stems, covered by the ground 
from 
