190 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [Leguininose. 
Hedysareae : Oxyramphis, and Lespedeza ;—and of Viciee: Cicer, Vicia, Ervum, Pisum, 
Lathyrus, and Orobus. 
As we have seen species of the genera which are most prevalent in the plains of 
India, extending into the Himalayas, so do some of those which find a congenial cli- 
mate in the latter, spread into the former, and flourish at a season when the obliquity of 
the sun’s rays allows the plains to be cooled down to a temperature, which approximates 
to that of the summer of the mountains, and of European latitudes. Most of these are 
found only in a cultivated state, forming a portion of the cold-weather crops, mentioned 
at p. 10: others exist in fields, and in the neighbourhood of cultivation. The 7rifolice 
belong to the genera Medicago, Trigonella, and Melilotus, and the Viciee to Cicer, Kaba, 
Vicia, Ervum, Pisum, and Lathyrus. Of some of these, the species Medicago lupulina, 
Melilotus parviflora, Vicia cracca, the variety angustifolia, of V. sativa, Ervum hirsutum 
and Lathyrus aphaca have been so perfectly naturalized, as to be as common as any 
other plants during the cold weather for three or four hundred miles of Northern India. 
But as these, if introduced, must have been so with the Cerealia, and cultivated Legu- 
minosé, and as the native country of the former is still undetermined, they have an 
equal right to be included with them in the Flora of any country where they mutually 
oceur. eS fae 
The occurrence of such plants, however, indicates the nature of the climate, as well 
as the possibility of cultivating their valuable congeners ; and, in fact, the cold-weather 
cultivation of Northern India, consists, in addition to the Cerealia, of Leguminose 
belonging to the tribes Zrifolice and Viciee. Of the former, Medicago sativa, lucern, 
Trigonella fenum grecum, methee, are cultivated as fodder, and the latter for its use as 
a vegetable ; while Zrigonella incisa, nob. cheenee, Melilotus leucantha, and Ervum hir- | 
sutum, gegla, growing spontaneously, are given as fodder to cattle ; as pulse, both the 
red and white varieties of Cicer arietinum, chuna and kaboolee chuna, the gram of Euro- 
peans, are cultivated; also Faba vulgaris, bakla, Ervum lens, mussooree; Vicia sativa, 
khandee, Lathyrus sativus and Pisum arvense, both called muttur; anda variety of the 
latter, with serrate leaves, named urra-muttur. 
To complete a view of the Leguminous cultivation of the plains, it is necessary to 
notice the plants cultivated during the rainy season. These belong almost entirely to 
the tribe Phaseolee, of which we have in the fields Phaseolus radiatus, Roxb., called 
mash and oorud ; P. mungo, Roxb., huree moong ; P. aureus, Hb. Ham., moong ; P.aco- 
nitifolius, moth ; P.cuneatus, nob., bangur ke moth ; with varieties of Dolichos catjang, 
two called /obia and one sontha ; also Cajanus fiavus, called urhur ; and of the Trifoliee, 
Cyamopsis psoraloides. P. Max, kalee moong, is also mentioned by Dr. Roxburgh, and 
P. calcaratus is cultivated in the Peninsula. In the gardens are cultivated in the same 
season, Dolichos sinensis, Lablab vulgaris and cultratus, Canavalia gladiata, Mucuna capi- 
tata, with other species, and many varieties of all. Phaseolus lunatus is commonly called 
country French beans. P. vulgaris is said also to be common, but the only plants I ever 
found which corresponded with the European plants were from Cashmere, and these 
differed 
