228 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Umbellifere. 
The distribution of the Umbellifere also was so imperfectly known, that they were 
long supposed to be chiefly confined to the northern parts of the northern hemisphere ; 
but more extended observation, has shewn that they affect a moderate temperature, 
and chiefly prevail in the temperate zone: something less than one-third of those 
known are found in the southern hemisphere, and about four times as many in the 
Old World, as in America. 
Considering, therefore, that the Umbellifere flourish in a moderate temperature, we 
cannot look for them in the plains of India; and accordingly we find that Dr. Roxburgh 
has only described seven wild and six cultivated species in his Flora Indica. Messrs. 
Wight and Arnott, in addition to the latter, have described twenty species, some found 
also in Bengal, but others from the mountains of the Peninsula. But a great accession 
is observable in the numbers, immediately we turn our attention to the Himalayas, 
where every kind of temperature suited to the growth of plants may be found. In 
Dr. Wallich’s Catalogue we have sixty-six species enumerated, among which most of Dr. 
Roxburgh’s are included; in the author’s collection there are not less than ninety species, 
of which several are new, and others the same as Dr. Wallich’s. The total of the 
whole is 127 species for the Indian Flora, of which eleven are found in the plains 
and at the foot of the hills, seven only in a cultivated state, and the remainder in the 
mountains, with the exception of a few in the Peninsula. 
The genera, to which these Indian and Himalayan Umbellifere belong, are Hydro- 
cotyle, Eryngium, Ginanthe, and Daucus, found in most parts of the world ; Piychotis, 
Athamantha, and Torilis, existing in the south of Europe and in the Oriental region. 
Falcaria? Carum, Bunium, Pimpinella, Bupleurum, Livisticum, Selinum, Archangelica, 
Palimbia, Peucedanum, Heracleum, Pastinaca, and Pileurospermum, which are chiefly 
found in Europe, and eastwards in the Caucasus and Siberia, with a few spreading south- 
wards into the Mediterranean region. To these may be added, Sanicula, Helosciadium, 
Stum, Seseli, Cnidium, Ligusticum, and Cherophyllum, found in these countries, as well 
as in North America. The genus Osmorhiza, also, which was thought to be restricted 
to the latter, has been found in the Himalayas, and not only the genus, but one of the 
same species, O. brevistylis exists in these two widely-separated localities. Hydrocotyle 
asiatica and Coriandrum sativum, as remarked by M. De Candolle, are also found widely 
distributed ; the first being found in Asia, Africa, and America; and the second, common 
in Europe and the Oriental region, as well as in India, has also a variety, or very nearly 
allied species in Mexico. Some of the above genera, as Sanicula, Helosciadium, Apium, 
and Ligusticum, are also found in South America; and others, as Feniculum, Seseli, 
Cnidium, and Peucedanum, at the Cape of Good Hope. 
Those, of which species are found in the plains and warm parts of India, as the bases 
of mountains, are the new genera Dasyloma, extending from Bengal to Northern India; 
and Ozodia, confined to the Peninsula; also species of Hydrocotyle ; Ptychotis sylvestris, 
nob., found in the Khadir lands of the Saharunpore district; Bupleurum tenue,in the 
Kheree Pass; @nanthe stolonifera, in Bengal ; Ammi? indicum and daucifolium (Wall. 
Cat. 
