Caprifoliacee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 235 
and tenacity, and use for wedges, mill-cogs, &c., as well as for making gunpowder. An 
oil may also be expressed from the seeds of some species. It would be useful to ascer- 
tain whether the Himalayan species may be employed for the aboye purposes, as also 
whether they possess any medical properties, like Cornus florida, and other species, 
used as a substitute for Peruvian bark in North America. 
* 
91. LORANTHACEZ. 
_The plants of all the previous orders have had truly polypetalous corollas ; these now 
become monopetalous: the present order is included in the Epicorolle Corisanthere of 
Jussieu, though not arranged with the Corolliflore of M. De Candolle, in consequence 
of the petals frequently continuing more or less disunited. 
As we have seen the ivy in the Araliacee extending into northern climates, so in this 
parasitical order, the misletoe has a like distribution, and is as familiarly known in 
northern regions, though the mass of the species exist in the tropical parts both of Asia 
and America. Thus we find the genus Loranthus in considerable numbers on trees in 
every part of the plains of India; not less than ninety being found in that country and 
the Malayan Peninsula, though J. bicolor is the most common species. Some few 
ascend the mountains; several occur in Nepal. Of these, L.pulverulentus and vestitus 
are found as high as Mussooree; and L. ligustrinus and cordifolius lower down on the 
mountain side. Of Viscum, also, there are several species, of which some are found on 
trees in Bengal and Silhet, though I have only met with them in mountainous situa- 
tions, as V. dichotomum, near both Simla and Hurdwar; V. stellulatum, near the former 
and Ruengurh, and V. verticilliflorum, nob., nearly allied to V. Wightianum, Wall., at 
Mussooree, on the oak. V. elongatum, D.C. (opuntioides, Wall.) is found in the Penin- 
sula, and on the hills of the Central Range; apparently the same species may also be 
seen in Colonel Sykes’s collection from the west of India, Dr.Wight gives the Dindygul 
hills as the locality of some of the Peninsular species. Schepfia, found in the West- 
Indies and the Andes of Peru, has a species, S.fragrans, Wall. (Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 9), 
extending from Bechiaco to. the great valley of Nepal, and another, S. acuminata, in the 
Pundua mountains. peel: elen 3 ~— 
| 92, CAPRIFOLIACE. , 
The Caprifoliacee, as constituted by M. De Candolle, are composed of the tribes 
Sambucee and Loniceree: and are found in cold and mountainous parts, chiefly of the 
northern hemisphere. Nearly all the genera occur at different elevations, and are 
common in every part of the Himalayas. Of these, the elegant genus Leycesteria is 
alone peculiar to these mountains ; and the only known species, L. formosa, is common 
in Nepal and Kemaon, as well as in Sirmore, at elevations of from 6,000 to 7,000 feet. 
Abelia, named by Mr. Brown in honour of Dr. Abel, by whom the first-known species 
was discovered. in the Chinese province of Kiangsee, has also been detected in the 
Himalayas; and the second species, A. ¢riflora (Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 15), has also been 
described by Mr. Brown (l.c. p. 15). It was obtained by Dr.Wallich from the loftier 
2H 2 mountains 
