236 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Caprifoliacee. 
mountains of Kemaon, and is common at Mussooree, at an elevation of from 6,000 to 
7,000 feet. It is a highly fragrant and very ornamental species, and therefore well 
worthy of introduction into England. viostewm, long considered as confined to North 
America, has also been discovered in the Himalayas by Dr. Wallich, who found 
T. Himalayanum, on Gossainthan, in Nepal. 
Sambucus, Viburnum, and Lonicera, most abundant in species, are found in many 
parts of the world, as Europe and both Northern Asia and North America, whence they 
extend to Mexico, and in Asia along the Caucasus to the Himalayas, and eastwards to 
Siberia and China. Of Sambucus and Viburnum, species are likewise found in the 
Andes: the former also in New Holland, and the latter on the Neelgherries and 
Penang. Lonicera is mentioned in the mountains of Northern Africa, as well as in those 
of Java. 
We have seen that a genus of this family is common to China and the Himalayas, 
but we have some species even of another genus common to them both, as well as to 
Japan, as Lonicera confusa, longifolia, and Chinensis. The other species of Lonicera 
found in these mountains, are L. diversifolia, the most common, of which L. Royleana 
(Wall. Cat. 478), is only a variety; those found on loftier situations, as from 8,000 
to 9,000 feet, are L. Webbiana, Govaniana, angustifolia, and sericea, nob., and on 
still loftier mountains, as Kedarkanta, L. obovata, nob. Dr.Wallich’s Z. acuminata, 
glabrata, and lanceolata are confined to Nepal; and the new species, ZL. elliptica, - 
glauca, and depressa, are found in Kunawur, and closely resemble some of the species 
figured by Ledebour from the Altai. LZ. bracteata, nob., is a singular species found on 
Shalma, which is so closely allied, that it might almost be referred to Leycesteria, between 
which and Lonicera it thus forms a link. 
Both the common and dwarf elder, Sambucus nigra and ebulus, have been traced from 
Europe to the Caucasus ; in the Himalayas we have a representative of this genus in 
S. adnata, obtained by Dr.Wallich from Gossainthan, and by myself from the mountains 
of Cashmere. The species of Viburnum, which are most common in these mountains, 
are V. cotinifolium, Ham. (polycarpum,Wall.), V. Mullaha, Ham. (stellulatum, Wall.), 
and V. punctatum. These are common at Simla, Mussooree, and similar elevations, as 
well as in Kemaon and Nepal, where they were originally discovered : a few species 
extend southwards even into the Burmese territories. The species found at the loftiest 
elevations, and which comes into flower early in the season, before the leaves have 
made their appearance, and before the snow has completely melted away on such moun- 
tains as Choor and Kedarkanta, is V. nervosum, Ham. (An V. erubescens and grandifiorum ? 
Wall.) This, from its long tubular corolla, differs apparently so much from the rest 
of the genus, as to have been at first taken, by M. Jacquemont, for a Daphne. 
The plants of this family are not possessed of any very decided properties, though 
both the berries and the leaves of the elder are much used in Europe. The leaves of 
some of this family are said to be slightly purgative, and the bark of others to be astrin- 
gent. The fruit of one species of Viburnum (V. Mullaha) is eaten in the mountains, and 
the 
