Valerianee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 241 
It has already been stated (p. 4), that the coffee of the Malabar coast is remarkably 
fine, as is that of some other parts of the Peninsula, as of Bangalore and Coimbatore. It 
succeeded well, and the plants bore abundantly under the shade of the teak plantation 
in the Calcutta Botanic Garden; but the subsequent cultivation in Bengal has been 
pronounced a failure, though I have heard that it has succeeded in the vicinity of Dacca. 
The reasons assigned for the former, want of shade and too powerful a sun, do not 
appear to be satisfactory ; for the sun cannot be more powerful than in many places 
where coffee is cultivated, and Bengal is not likely to be the only country where shade 
is unattainable. However much ignorance may sneer at principles, attention to the 
physiology of vegetation, and of this, as connected with the nicer peculiarities of 
climate (v. p. 88), would probably afford a more satisfactory explanation; and as success 
and failure are not accidental, a scientific explanation might suggest a practical remedy. 
A rich soil and moist climate are said, both in Java and the West-Indies, to produce 
luxuriant vegetation, and a coarse-flavoured, though sufficiently abundant crop of berries. 
But the finest Mocha coffee is, we know, produced in a very dry climate, and arid soil, 
on the slope of mountainous situations. The plants grow freely, and bear a few fruit in 
the open air as far north as 30° of latitude in the Botanic Garden at Saharunpore ; but 
we know that a low temperature, though only during the winter months, is unfavourable 
to the cultivation of coffee, and therefore not to be attempted in the open country of 
the northern provinces of India. But it would be an interesting point to ascertain how 
far north the coffee might be successfully cultivated in India. The Rajmahl hills would 
probably afford some suitable localities, perhaps also those of Silhet and Assam, at 
low elevations ; and certainly along the Burmese coast and Malayan peninsula, the 
cultivation might be indefinitely extended. 
Kohautia coccinea ; caule folioso teretiusculo sub lente brevissime piloso, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, 
stipulis membranaceis petiolis jungentibus fimbriatis, floribus ex dichotomia et di-trichotome corymbosis 
sessilibus vel breve pedunculatis, corolla lobis obovatis acutis. Tab. 53. f. 1. (a.) Flower seen from 
above, (b.) from below. (c.) Corolla opened. (d.) Capsule, (e.) Transverse section of capsule. 
Hab. Budraj. 
94. VALERIANEZ. 
The Valeriane@ form a small order found in temperate climes in different parts of the 
world, as in the northern parts of the northern hemisphere, the mountains of South 
America, and the Straits of Magalhaens. They proceed along Caucasus to the Hima- 
layas, where they are found at different elevations, as well as on the mountains of the 
Peninsula. They are absent from the plains of India; but one species, Valeriana 
villosa, descends to the Deyra Doon. 
The genera peculiar to these mountains are Zriplostegia and Nardostachys, the latter 
allied to Patrinia, which is found in Siberia, Dahuria, and Japan; but Valeriana is the 
most numerous in species. These extend from Silhet to Sirmore, and from that to 
Cashmere. V. Hardwickit, villosa, and elata, are the most common species, V. lanceolata 
and bracteata are two new species from the southern face of the Himalayas, and 
V. acuminata and pusilla from Kunawur, and V. striata from Cashmere. 
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