Synantherea. | THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 245 
Caucasus, and in Persia, as well as in the Oriental region, and both North and South 
Africa. 
Though some plants of these regions spread to the south, we find the Dipsacee absent 
from the plains of India, but common in the Himalayas at moderate elevations, where 
we know there is moderation of temperature. The genera found in these mountains 
are Morina, Dipsacus, and Scabiosa; on the Neelgherries also a species of Dipsacus 
(D. Leschenaultii) is found. 
Morina, found in Persia and the Oriental region, extends in the Himalayas from 
Peerpunjal to Gossainthan. . nana, polyphylla, and longifolia, being found in the 
latter situation; but the last only has an extensive distribution, as it is found at 
Mussooree and on Choor, as well as on the mountains of Cashmere. J. Wallichiana 
is most common at Mussooree ; and M. Coulteriana, nob., which approaches J. persica, 
is found in Kunawur. Only a single species of Scabiosa (S. Candolleana) has been 
discovered to the southward of Cashmere ; but from that valley was obtained S. speciosa, 
Tab. 55, as well as S. stellarifolia, nob., allied to S. Columbaria. The species of 
Dipsacus, D. strictus and inermis, found in Nepal, spread also to Sirmore, where other 
new species (D. levis and auriculatus, nob.), are found, as well as one from Jumboo, 
near Cashmere. The plants of this family have little sensible or medical properties, 
and have none ascribed to them in these mountains. Dipsacus Fullonum retains its 
place in the Indian Materia Medica, under the name dunsakoos. 
Morina Wallichiana ; foliis pinnatifidis, lobis spinescentibus, superioribus caule corollaque molliter 
villosis, calycis lobis integerrimis vel brevissime emarginatis. Tab. 55. f. 1—(e.) Pigtil with the two 
lobed calyx surmounting, and the toothed involucel surrounding the germen ; one of the teeth is gene- 
rally much longer than the others. (f) Flower seen from behind, with the involucel opened. 
Hab. This plant, which is nearly allied to Morina Persica, is found on Mussooree, with M. longifolia, 
of which a leaf has been accidentally introduced into the same plate. I have named this species in 
compliment to my friend, Dr.Wallich, to whom Indian Botany is so deeply indebted for its present 
advanced state. ‘The name may serve also to commemorate the “ Wallichius, vir ornatissimus,” who 
sent several exotic fruits to Clusius, and which the latter has described in his Exot. lib. 11. ¢, xxi. 
M. Coulteriana ; foliis oblongis angustis sinuato-pinnatipartitis lobis duris spinescentibus, calycis 
lobis bifidis, segmentis acutis. 
Hab. Kunawur. I have named this species in honour of Dr. Coulter, who has so ably elucidated 
the order to which it belongs, and who intended to have described for this work the Himalayan Dip- 
sacee, but has been obliged by indisposition to decline the task for the present. 
Scabiosa speciosa; caule suffruticoso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis basi auriculatis caule involucroque pilosis, 
corollis 5-fidis radiantibus, involucelli basi elongata villosissima, foveolis villis occultatis, corona 16- 
nervia integra patula, calycis limbo sessili, setis 5 nigris scabris corolla tubo zqualibus. Tab. 55. f. 2.— 
(a.) Flower of the ray; (6.) of the centre; (c. d.) pistils with calyx. 
Hab. Cashmere. 
96. SYNANTHERES. 
This great family of plants, better known by the name, objectionable on account of 
its incorrectness, Composita, is like the Umbellifere, numerous in species, which resemble 
each other so closely, as to have caused the same plant to have been referred by different 
botanists to different genera. More attention, however, having been paid to their 
true 
