248 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Synantherea. 
genus by M. De Candolle : these are found in Nepal, as well as at Mussooree and 
Simla. Dicoma also, which was only known to exist at the Cape of Good Hope and 
on the banks of the Senégal; has a species, D. lanuginosa, which extends from the Penin- 
sula of India up to Delhi, and the arid country on the western bank of the Jumna. 
The remainder of the Composite, consisting of numerous genera and species, are 
included by Jussieu under the general term, indeed order, Corymbifere. By Lessing, 
these are divided into the tribes Vernoniacee, Eupatoriacee, Asteroidee, Senecionidee, and 
Nassauviacee. The last found only in America; but of all the others, there are 
numerous species both in the plains and mountains of India. These it will suit better 
the purposes of this work, to consider with respect to their geographical distribution, 
than according to the tribes to which they belong. 
Taking therefore into consideration, first, those which prevail in the plains of India, 
we have of genera peculiar to the country, and of those of which species extend into 
the Indian islands, Decaneurum, Poloa, Vicoa, Cesulia, Cyathocline, Spharopsis, Blumea, 
Blainvillea, Ramtilla, Glossocardia, Emilia, and Pluchea ; and as in other tropic-like 
countries, both of the Old and New World, species of Eclipta and of Bidens. Of 
genera common to Africa and India, species are found of Epaltes, Cass. (Ethulia, Gert.) 
Spheranthus and Grangea ; and of those common to the latter and America, species of 
Vernonia, Elephantopus, Ageratum, Adenostemma, Siegesbeckia, Xanthium, Spilanthes, and 
Myriogyne.  Wedelia is found in the south of India and Nepal, as well as in America 
and Polynesia. A few species also are found of genera, which exist in every part of 
the world, as of Gnaphalium, Erigeron and Conyza; and at the foot of the mountains, 
species of Senecio and Artemisia. The country in the neighbourhood of Delhi and the 
western bank of the Jumna in general, we have frequently seen has considerable affinity 
to the Flora of Egypt and of the Oriental region, an affinity of which these tribes afford 
a few additional instances in the prevalence here of Franceuria crispa, Cotula anthemoides, 
and of species of Filago, Xanthium, and Pulicaria. The Egyptian plant, to which 
the name Grangea Maderaspatana has been applied, M. De Candolle considers to be 
different from the Indian. 
The general uniformity we have seen to characterize the plains of India over a wide 
extent of surface, is exemplified in this family as in others, by the prevalence in 
northern as in the most southern parts of the same plants, such as Vernonia cinerea, 
Elephantopus scaber, Spheranthus mollis, Vicca indica, Cesulia axillaris, Grangea Maderas- 
patana, Cyathocline lyrata, Emilia sonchifolia, Blumea Wightiana and oxyodonta, Myrio- 
syne minuta, Gnaphalium indicum, and others. 
In a cultivated state, but perfectly naturalized, we may find in Indian gardens in 
every part of India, Callistephus chinensis, from China ; Chrysanthemum indicum, probably 
from the same country, if not from Cashmere, whence I have myself received it; Matri- 
caria suaveolens, from the Oriental region ; Helianthus annuus and tuberosus, with Tagetes 
erecta and patula, from America. The greater portion of these have become so widely 
diffused, and such universal favourites with the natives of India, not prone to adopt 
novelties, 
