Synantherea.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 249 
novelties, and having names assigned them in the different dialects, that it renders 
extremely difficult the ascertainment of truly indigenous species. 
In the Himalayas, as we have frequently seen, moderation of temperature, the result 
of elevation, supports a vegetation which is analogous to that of other cool parts of the 
world. This is fully exemplified in this, as in every other family, with the same 
exceptions as we have elsewhere seen, of a more tropical vegetation the nearer we 
approach their bases. Thus we have of genera found almost every where in temperate 
parts of the world, species of Senecio, Conyza, Artemisia, Tanacetum, Gnaphalium, and 
Helichrysum ; of those found in Europe, Asia, and America, Solidago, Diplopappus, Aster, 
Stenactis, Erigeron, and Inula; and of genera restricted to Europe and the northern 
parts of Asia, Tussilago, Doronicum, Bupthalmum, Pyrethrum, Achillea, and Carpesium ; 
with Ligularia, found also in Africa; Eupatorium, and Mikania in America chiefly ; 
Antennaria, confined to Europe and the arctic zone: and the new genus Leptocoma. On 
the Neelgherries occur the new genera A/onosis and Notonia, as well as species of 
Doronicum, Senecio, Helichrysum, and Aster. (v. Wight. Contrib. to Botany of India.) 
The species which are remarkable as occurring in the Himalayas, as well as in other 
parts of the world, are Tussilago Farfara, Senecio Jacobea, found there and in Europe; 
S. chrysanthemifolius in the south of Europe and in Kunawur; S. asplenifolius, in my 
collection from Cashmere, Mr. Don informs me is not to be distinguished from specimens 
of the same species collected by Pallas on Caucasus. Carpesium abrotonoides, a plant 
of the Oriental region, is also found on Choor. Some of the species of Aster very 
closely resemble A. alpinus, and Antennaria leontopodina, referred by Mr. Don to 
Leontopodium, is certainly very like this genus. Some of the species of Znula, Ligularia 
and others, as well as those represented in the present work, are highly ornamental 
A resemblance to the Flora of China has frequently been noticed: it is observable 
here also, as Bidens Chinensis, found in that country, occurs also at Mussooree; and the 
genus Glossogyne is common to India and China. With these it was not to be expected 
_ that we should also find some African plants ; but Dicrocephala occurs at the Cape, in 
the Peninsula of India, and the Himalayas. D. /atifolia, DC., and gracilis, DC., being 
found at Simla and Mussooree, and at the latter, D. grangeefolia, DC. : a species which 
M. DC. remarks, confirms the relation between this genus and Grangea. Gynactis 
synapifolia, DC., found at Jurreepanee, he observes, he has reason to believe occurs also 
on the banks of the Senegal. Finally, Sclerocarpus Africanus, which has already been 
“mentioned on the authority of Mr. Don, as occurring at Simla, as well as in Africa, 
is also found at Mussooree in these mountains. The hill species of Ethulia have 
all been referred to the new genus Myriactis. ) 
Numerous as are the Composite, natural as they are in structure, few of them are of 
-much importance as medicinal agents, and still fewer of any value as articles of diet, 
‘ but there is considerable resemblance in the properties of the plants belonging to the 
different tribes. Thus the Cichoracee abound in a milky and bitter tasted juice, which 
is frequently of a narcotic nature. The lettuce is considered narcotic in India as in 
2K Europe, 
