Campanulacee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. “ 253 
are found in Europe and temperate Asia; a fourth of the remainder at the Cape of Good 
Hope; and the rest dispersed throughout the other parts of the world. Dr. Wallich’s 
- Himalayan species are fourteen in number: to these must be added seven new ones in 
the author’s collection, and probably many more remain to be discovered in the 
unexplored portions of the Himalaya. 
M. A. De Candolle has made the.interesting remark, that with only a single excep- 
tion, all the species belonging to genera which open their capsules by lateral pores, as 
Campanula and its allies, are found in the northern hemisphere ; while those which, like 
Wahlenbergia and the genera grouped round it, open their capsules at the apex, chiefly 
inhabit the southern hemisphere. Thus in the Himalayas we have several species of 
Campanula, and one of Symphandra (S. stylosa, nob.), of which the other species are 
found in Crete and Caucasus. The former genus we have seen is common in the plains 
and mountains of the northern hemisphere ; some of its species found in these mountains 
are allied to their northern congeners, as Campanula aristata from Peer Punjal to 
C. linifolia, and C. sylvatica to this and to C. rotundifolia, while C. latifolia is found in 
these mountains as well as in Europe, Caucasus, and Siberia. C. canescens, which 
differs considerably in habit, is the only species found both in the mountains and the 
plains of India; C. Cashmeriana, nervosa, evolvulacea, and anagalloides, are the other 
new species; C. carnosa, Wall. ( Wahlenbergia ovata, Don) is removed from the order by 
M. A. De Candolle. 
_Of those chiefly inhabiting the southern hemisphere we have a species of Cepha- 
lostigma on the banks of the Irrawady; the two other species of the genus being 
found on the banks of the Senegal. A Wahlenbergia (W. dehiscens) is found in 
Silhet, and another, W. agrestis, in Nepal, where, we know according to locality 
other tropic-like plants exist; both these belong to the same section of the genus, as 
all the Bengal, Cape, and Australasian species. W. cervicina is found in Egypt, as 
well as in Western Africa. Codonopsis, of Dr. Wallich, is a new genus peculiar to these 
mountains, allied on one hand to Canarina, found only in the Canary Islands, and on 
the other to Campanumea, discovered by M. Blume in Java. Of this I have been 
fortunate enough to obtain two new species, C. rotundifolia and. ovata, both figured in 
this work. Codonopsis thalactrifolia of Dr. Wallich, Glosocomia tenera of Mr. Don, 
has been reunited to this genus by Mr. Bentham, for the reasons assigned in the 
following communication, in which he has also favoured me with specific characters of 
the two first species. 
Codonopsis ovata ; ramis sterilibus brevibus filiformibus opposite-foliosis, floriferis erectis alterne- 
paucifoliatis apice nudis unifloris, foliis subsessilibus ovatis basi cordatis pubescentibus, calyce 5-fido, 
corolla tubulosa ampla, antheris glabris muticis.—Tab. 69, fig. 3 (a) a flower with part of the calyx 
and corolla removed; (6) capsule, (¢) vertical, (d) transverse section, and (e) the valves of the same. 
Hab. Cashmere. Foyle. 
Codonopsis thalictrifolia (Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. p. 106) ramis sterilibus brevibus filiformibus 
opposite-foliosis, floriferis erectis alterne-paucifoliatis apice nudis unifloris, foliis minimis petiolatis 
reniformibus puberulis, calyce 5-fido, corolla tubulosa ampla, antheris extus villosis apice mucronulatis, 
Glosocomia tenera. Don. Prod. Fl. Nepal, p. 158. 
Hab. Gossainthan. Wallich. « On 
