266 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Oleaceee. 
the name manus-rohunee. It is frequently called Bor by Himalayan travellers, from 
its general resemblance to that common ornament of Engli$h gardens. 
110. OLEACE#. 
The Olive tribe so favourably known by one of its species having been dedicated 
to Minerva, and having become the symbol of peace, is sometimes united with the 
Jasmines; at others the Fravinee are separated from them either under this name or 
that of Lilacee. It may therefore be inferred, that though closely allied, as proved 
according to M. De Candolle, by their grafting on one another, yet there are some 
differences of structure, which may account for the differences of climate in which the 
are found. ) 
Thus, species of the genera found in the Himalayas at moderate elevations, as Frawi- 
nus, Ligustrum, and Syringa, form some of the most common plants in Europe; the 
first occurring also in great numbers in North America, the second in China, and 
the last in both Persia and China: while Linociera (Chionanthus, Roxb.), occurring 
only in warm countries, as the West-Indies and the Mauritius, is found in India, in 
Silhet, Ceylon, and both the Indian and Malayan Peninsulas. Chondrospermum is a 
new genus found in the last and near Chittagong. Olea is not only the best known 
genus, but that which has the most extensive distribution, being found as far north as 
the South of Europe, southwards at the Cape of Good Hope, and in New Holland; 
eastward in China and Japan; and westward in the Canary Islands. So in the 
Himalayas we have species of the genus extending from the Sutlej to Silhet, and along 
the Malayan Peninsula as far south as Cape Rochado. The genus, however, seems 
opposed to great extremes of heat or cold, as I have only seen species in sheltered 
vallies and at moderate elevations in the Himalayas; as O. glandulifera at Suhansudhara 
and the valley leading to Kuerkoolee, as well as near J urreepanee; and O. ferruginea 
in the valleys of the Jumna and Sutlej: O. acuminata probably also occurs in such 
situations, as it extends from Kemaon to Silhet and Penang. O. compacta, grandiflora, 
and robusta (Phyllyrea, Roxb.), are the other Himalayan species, the last found on 
Chirraponjee and the Morung Hills. The Himalayan Lilac is found in Kemaon, and in 
Sirmore on the Suen range and the banks of the Giree and Jumna rivers. Of the 
Himalayan Ashes, Frarinus floribunda is found in N epal, and F. zanthoxyloides in 
Kemaon, as well as on the northern face of the Himalaya near Meeroo in Kunawur. 
The bark and leaves of some of this tribe are bitterish and astringent, as are the 
capsules of the Lilac, hence some have been employed in tanning leather and others as 
febrifuges. The flowers of some are fragrant like those of their allies the Jasmines ; 
those of Olea fragrans are used by the Chinese for flavouring their tea. The timber of 
many is of very good quality in India, as in other parts of the world. Some of the Ashes 
are remarkable, like the Sugar maples to which in some respects they are allied, for the 
sweetness of their sap, which on concreting by exposure to the sun is so well known 
as Manna. Of this several kinds are known in India; Ist, the best, called sheerkhisht, 
18 
