Asclepiadee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 273 
Dr. Hamilton to be identical with the Persian C. procera. C. gigantea is chiefly found 
in the Peninsula and Bengal. 
The genera found in the Southern parts of India, some of them extending into the 
Indian and others into the Malayan Peninsula, with some of the same species common 
to all these situations, are such as Dischidia, Sarcolobus, Finlaysonia, Goniostemma, Physo- 
stelma, Raphistemma, and Toxocarpus. Pentasachme and Pterostelma are found on the 
Silhet Mountains, and Brachylepis on the Neelgherries; Jphisia is found on the latter 
and the Himalayas. 
Of genera common to other parts of the world and India, but confined to its Penin- 
sula, we have Sarcostemma and Secamone, both of which are found in Africa and New 
Holland; the first also in S. America. Of those which are peculiar to India, and extend 
from the southern to the more northern parts of that country, are Heterostemma, of 
which the species, very irregular in structure, are also so in distribution, as one is 
found in the sands of Tanjore, and the other two species in Nepal; of these, one, 
H. alata, extends to Mussooree: Streptocaulon spreads from Singapore and the Indian 
and Malayan Peninsulas to Nepal and the Deyra Doon; the same species, S. calo- 
phyllum, is found in Nepal and at Suhunsudhara: Orthanthera, a new genus formed 
by Dr. Wight, has been found near the Hetounda and Kheree Passes, and in the - 
forests of Rohilcund: Pergularia, found also in China, extends from the Indian and 
Malayan Peninsulas to the neighbourhood of Nahn. PP. odoratissima being most 
common in the southern, and P. pallida in the northern provinces of India. The 
genera which are common to India and New Holland, and which also extend to the 
most northern limit of the former country, are Marsdenia, Gymnema, Oxystelma, Tylo- 
phora, and Hoya: the two last are also found in Java, the first both in the West-Indies 
and Syria. Ceropegia has a very wide distribution, being found in the West-Indies 
and North America, at the Cape of Good Hope, in Madagascar, and from the southern 
to the most northern parts of India, where it also ascends the mountains, as some 
species do the Silhet and Pundoa Mountains; C. elegans is found at 6,000 and 7,000 
feet of elevation on the Neelgherries; C. Wallichii exists at similar heights, though in a 
more N, latitude, at Mussooree and Simla, as well as Iphisia Govanii, Marsdenia Roylei, 
Tylophora tenerrima, and Hoya longifolia; the last is also found on Sheopore and H. 
linearis on Chundraghiry. Two species of Eriopetalum are found on the arid slate hills 
near Doongee, and the third was found by Dr. Hamilton at Gorukpore. Gymnema 
sylvestris is common to the Peninsula of India and the neighbourhood of Canton ; 
G. tingens extends from the forests of Lower Assam to the Kheree Pass, and Zylophora 
pauciflora from the Peninsula and Bengal to Suhunsudhara. The genus Cynanchum is, 
perhaps, the most widely-diffused of the family, being found to the South in New 
Holland, to the East in China, with a few species at the Cape of Good Hope, and in 
the North of Africa, it also extends West as far as Mexico and the Andes of Quito; 
species are found every where in Europe except Great Britain; and from Astrachan to 
Siberia and Dahuria. So in India we have species in the Malayan and Indian Peninsulas, 
2N also 
