290 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Scrophularineee. 
also in the plains, but it is only during the cold weather; while the tropical genera 
which occur in the mountains spring up entirely in the rainy season. 
The tribes which affect the mountains are Verbascee, Antirrhineea, Veronicee, and 
Rhinanthee. Of Verbascum and Euphrasia there are only single, but of Scrophularia, 
Pedicularis, and Veronica, several species ; the two first, with Verbascum, confined to 
the cold and temperate parts of the northern hemisphere, while Veronica, like Euphrasia, 
occurs also on the south coast of New Holland, as well as in the Straits of Magalhaens; 
and Euphrasia in South America. Calorhabdos, Picrorhiza, and Hemiphragma, are 
the new genera peculiar to these mountains. Of the tribe Veronicee, Wulfenia has one 
species in the Himalayas, one in the Carinthian Alps, and the third on the mountains 
near the Columbia, on the west coast of North America. Gymnandra has one species 
in Cashmere, one in Kunawur, and several in Siberia, as far east as Kamtschatka. 
Ourisia, of a few species, has also one in the Himalayas, one in Van Diemen’s Land, 
and one in the Straits of Magalhaens. | 
_ The European species which are found on the Himalayas, are Verbascum Thapsus, 
Euphrasia officinalis, Veronica alpina, biloba, Beccabunga, serpyllifolia, and Anagallis. 
The three last are also found in America, as is Pedicularis verticillata, also existing in 
these mountains, with P. versicolor. Though the species of this genus are numerous 
(twenty), especially in Kunawur, none have been identified with those of Ledebour, 
though this flora contains so many of the Altaian species. 
Veronica Anagallis (undulata, Wall.) occurs also in the plains of India, as well as 
V. agrestis ; with these are also found, Antirrhinum Orontium (2. indicum, and Linaria 
ramosissima (Roylei, Chavannes) ; the former found also in the Himalayas, at 7,000 feet 
of elevation, and the latter is mentioned by Dr.Wallich as occurring in Nepal. I 
have specimens from the Jhilum or Hydaspes. The distribution of Antirrhinee has been 
admirably elucidated by M. Chavannes, in his Monograph, (for a copy of which I take 
this opportunity of returning my best thanks) whence it appears that though Antirr- 
hinum and Linaria chiefly prevail in the Mediterranean region, they are also found in 
the New World, and a few species spread to the plains of India, as we have seen to be 
the case with some plants of other families from the same regions. The Indian Linaria 
is most nearly allied to the Egyptian species. 
The Scrophularinee, which chiefly prevail in the plains of India and especially in 
the hot and rainy seasons, belong to the tribes Gratiolee, Buddleee, and Gerardiee, 
with Celsia, of the tribe Verbascee. The genera Dopatrium and Artanema are con- 
fined to India and the Peninsulas ; Lindenbergia is also found in Arabia, and Peplidium 
in Egypt; Pterostigma and Bonnaya in both India and China; JMJazus in both, as well 
as in New Holland: where are also found, in tropical parts, the Indian genera Micro- 
carpea, Limnophila, and Centranthera, as well as species of Mimulus, Herpestes, and 
Buchnera ; which, as well as in India, occur also in South America, with Zorenia, 
Stemodia, and Vandellia ; the last is also found in China, with species of Buchnera and 
Buddlea. The latter exist also in South America and the West-Indies, and Buchnera 
in 
