298 . ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Verbenacee. 
most northern parts, as Adhatoda Vasica, Phlogocaithus thyrsiflorus, Andrographis 
echioides, Eranthemum nervosum, Barleria ciliata and cristata, Strobilanthes auriculata, 
Petalidium barleriides, and Rhinacanthus communis, all of which are found in the 
Kheree and Deyra jungles, and several in the interior. In the arid country on the 
banks of the Jumna are found Eilytraria crenata, Barleria Hystrivx, Blepharis mollu- 
ginifolia and boerhaviefolia, Lepidagathis cristata, with several species of Rostellaria, 
&e. A few only of this family ascend the mountains, as species of chmanthera, 
Goldfussia, Strobilanthes, Echinacanthus, and Peristrophe ; some of which may be seen 
at as great an elevation as between 7,000 and 8,000 feet, in 30° of N. lat. Most 
of these are highly ornamental, and therefore well worthy of introduction into at 
’ least the green-houses of England. The most remarkable of the whole is no doubt 
Aichmanthera (Ruellia) gossypina, with its thick coating of white tomentum. 
Of species common to India and other countries, Adenosma uliginosa, Eranthemum 
nervosum, Andrographis paniculata, and Hypoestes purpurascens, may be mentioned 
as likewise found in New Holland; the last also in China. Dilivaria ilicifolia occurs 
in the Delta of the Ganges, on the coasts of the Peninsula, those of Java, Penang, 
and New Holland. fe 
The Acanthacee contain few plants possessed of much medical virtues, or useful in 
the arts. Some are demulcent, others a little bitter and acrid. Adhatoda Vasica is 
esteemed in India as a cure for coughs, Asteracantha longifolia is accounted tonic and 
diuretic, and Rhinacanthus communis very efficacious in curing obstinate cutaneous 
affections ; while Andrographis (Justicia) paniculata, called kulufnath, &c. by the 
natives, and known to Europeans by the name Creyat, is highly esteemed as a powerful 
bitter, and, as an ingredient of the Drogue amere, obtained considerable repute as a 
- cure for cholera. 
124. VERBENACEZ. 
The Verbenacee resemble several of the preceding orders, in having irregular flowers. 
They are distinguished from Labiate, to which they are most closely allied, by their 
2-4-celled fruits and terminal style. The order is chiefly found in tropical countries, 
with a few species extending into higher latitudes, .as into Europe, N. America, Japan, 
the Cape of Good Hope, and New Holland. These are usually annuals, or form small 
shrubs: the.tropical species, on the contrary, consist chiefly of large trees belonging 
- to the genera Zectona, Hymenopyramis, Wall., and Glossocarya, Wall., found in: Burma; 
also to Gmelina, Viter, and Premna: while species of Symphorema, Congea, Waillrothia, 
Streptium, Callicarpa, Lantana, and many species of Clerodendron form shrubs. Most 
of these occur in the greatest abundance in the southern parts of India, while species 
of the three last occur also in the New World; as well as of Verbena, Zapania, and 
Viter. The last, with Clerodendron and Premna, is also found in tropical New Holland, 
and the two first in China. Lantana is often supposed to be confined to America, but 
" aspecies is stated to be found at the Cape of Good Hope, and another in Arabia, while 
there are two undoubted species (L. indica, Roxb., and dubia, Wall.), found wild in 
several 
