302 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF — [Labiate, 
As the species of Zabiaté are numerous in the Himalayas, so are those common to 
these mountains and to Europe ; as Thymus Serpyllum, Origanum .vulgare, Prunella vul- 
garis, and Lamium amplexicaule. Leonurus cardiaca, Lycopus exaltatus, Hyssopus officinalis, 
and Mentha sylvestris are found in Kunawur; Nepeta Cataria, Melissa Clinopodium, 
Mentha sylvestris, arvensis, and viridis, in Cashmere. The last is also common in the 
Himalayas in a cultivated state, and called by the people of the plains puharee podeena, 
(hill-mint), to distinguish it from desee podeena, or the mint of the plains, cultivated 
in gardens. Lamium amplewicaule is also found in the plains in the cold weather, 
The species of the south of Europe, and of parts of the Oriental or Siberian regions, 
which also spread to the Himalayas, are Scutellaria orientalis and galericulata, Salvia 
Sibthorpii, Marrubium astracanicum, Melissa umbrosa, and Elsholtzia cristata, while 
Origanum normale and Stachys sericea, first described from Nepal, have been found 
much further north, the first near Lake Baical, and the second in Ghilan. Ballota 
limbata, of the section inhabiting the south of Europe, Persia, and Arabia, was found 
by M. Jacquemont in the Punjab at Pindaden Khan. Scutellaria rivularis and Ajuga 
decumbens are common to the Himalayas and to China. Micromeria biflora with Prunella 
vulgaris, exists both in the Himalayas and Neelgherries. | | 
The Labiate are well known for the odoriferous nature of many of the species, dependant 
on the presence of a pungent, generally fragrant essential oil, which is remarkable for 
commonly containing camphor. Some of the family are also possessed of bitter properties, 
hence a few have been employed as tonics and febrifuges, as Teucrium Chamedrys, 
Scordium and Chamepitys, Glechoma hederacea, Ocimum Sebrifugum, Salvia amarissima, 
_ &e. Some are better, and perhaps more deservedly, known for their uses in seasoning 
food, as thyme, sage, savory, marjoram, and mint; while others, as lavender and 
rosemary, are more celebrated for their uses as perfumes. Many of these having been 
described in the works of the ancients, have found their way into those of the Asiatics, 
where Lavendula stechas may be found under the name voostakhoodus 3 rosemary under 
ukleel-ool-jibbul ; thyme, as hasha ; hyssop, z00fae-yabis ; basil, rihan ; marjoram, satur ; 
mint, nana; and sage, under the names salbiah and sefakuss (Ainslie, 1. p. 359), 
which last are evident corruptions of Salvia and elisphacos. It is remarkable, that 
though many of these, as thyme, hyssop, and marjoram, are indigenous in the 
Himalayas, they, or rather some inefficient substitutes, continue to be imported into 
India by the Red Sea, to be prescribed at the foot of mountains where the fresh and 
genuine articles may be had in any quantity. Several of the above succeed well also 
in the gardens of Northern India; but perhaps none would: be so much valued by the 
natives as the peppermint, with the essential oil of which they have become so well 
acquainted, from its frequent prescription in cholera. Some efficient substitute might, 
however, be. found for this from among the indigenous plants of this family, of which 
: several are already used by the natives for the same purposes as their European allies ; 
as species of Anisomeles, Dysophila, Elsholtzia, and Pogostemon. Thougli the different 
species of Ocimum are the most grateful and most highly esteemed, O. sanctum, forming 
one 
