304 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [Boraginee. 
Himalayas, where are found the genera Echium, Onosma, Anchusa, Myosotis, and Cynog- 
lossum. Lithospermum and Echinospermum are confined to Kunawur, with one species, 
L. vestitum, of the former, found both there and in the arid parts of the plains of 
N. India. This species is closely allied to another, found by Lieut. Wellsted on the 
shores of the Red Sea. Species of all these genera, except of the three first, are 
found in North America; but Anchusa exists at the Cape of Good Hope, with 
Echinospermum, Myposotis, and Cynoglossum, of which the two latter occur in S. America 
and New Holland, with Lithospermum also in the former. , Some European species of 
this, as of other families, extend to the Himalayas, as may be seen in the accompanying 
account of the Boraginee in my collection, with which I have been favoured by my 
friend, Mr. Bentham. A few species descend from the mountains to the plains, as 
Cynoglossum canescens and furcatum, where is also found Trichodesma indica, which 
likewise occurs at low elevations within the mountains. 7. zeylanica, spreading to 
New Holland, is confined to the more southern parts of India. The other species of 
the genus are found in the Oriental region and in New Holland. Coldenia, of two species, 
has one in the southern provinces of India, and the other in Peru. 
The Ehreti@ include both herbaceous and shrubby plants, with some of the Ehvitiod 
even forming small trees. They are found within the tropics, both of the Old and 
New World, and in tropical New Holland, with some of the herbaceous genera, such 
as Heliotropium, extending south to the Cape of Good Hope, and north to the south of 
Europe. The genera found in India are also so in the warm parts of America, and 
some of them in New Holland. Ehretia, Tiaridium, and Tournefortia occur chiefly in 
_ the southern parts of India; but species of the first extend to the most northern. 
Heliotropium is common in every part of the plains, but especially in the arid country, 
near Delhi, where are found H. europ@um, supinum, coromandelianum, and brevifolium, 
with Messerschmidia hispida, whence species of this genus extend to Siberia and the 
Canaries, and of Heliotropium to Egypt and the south of Europe. 
Several of the Boraginee have been employed in medicine from the most ancient 
times, and those described by the Greeks hold a place in the Indian Materia Medica; 
but few of them are possessed of any other than mucilaginous properties; the — 
roots, however, of several, as Anchusa tinctoria or Dyer’s Alkanet, Onosma echioides, 
Echium rubrum, and Anchusa virginica, contain a reddish brown substance used by dyers 
(Lindley. Nat. Orders. p. 242); so, in the Himalayas, the roots of Onosma emodi,Wall., 
allied to O. tinctorium, Bieb., and called maharunga, from its intensity of colour, are 
also used in dyeing; another species, Lithospermum euchromon, nob., has been so 
named from the same circumstance. Onosma bracteatum is called gao-zuban, or ox- 
tongue, and has fooghulus and bugloozun assigned as its Greek names. Borago officinalis 
is supposed in Europe to be the true Bugloss. Symphytum has been transformed by the 
Asiatics into sunkootun, and Lithospermum into lubishfirmun. The species of Trichodesma 
are considered: diuretic, and one of the supposed cures for snake-bites. 
BoraGINE& 
