Urticee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 333 
and the southern parts of the Doab, though it requires a rich moist soil, and shady 
situation. These are obtained in Northern India by irrigation, and covering the plants 
around and above with a light thatch of grass or reeds. P. longum, pippul of the 
natives, and the root pippula-moola and peepla-moor, is cultivated in Bengal and the 
Circars, both for its pepper and its roots: the former in use as a condiment, and the 
latter extensively so as a stimulant medicine. P. chaba (As. Res. ix. 39 1) is called mug- 
peepul, and similarly used. The root of P. methysticum is that employed in the Society and 
Friendly Islands, under the name of Ava or Kava, to produce by fermentation a pungent 
and stimulant beverage. P. inebrians is substituted for it. P. anisatum, as its name 
implies, smells of Anise; other species possess the general pungent and stimulant 
properties of the family. P.Cubeba, grown in Java and Penang, affords the well- 
known Cubebs, which are the kubabeh of the Arabs, kubab-cheenee of the Hindoos ; 
for these kurfiyoon is assigned as the Greek name, intended probably for Carpesium, 
as this has been supposed by some authors to be Cubebs. The seeds of tezbul, Xan- 
thorylum hostile, p. 157, are said to be one kind of Cubebs. They have much the same 
warm, pungent, and stimulant properties, 
153. URTICEZ. 
The Urticee, as separated from Artocarpee, are chiefly distinguished by their want 
of milkiness, shrubby or herbaceous nature, and by their erect ovula, with the radicle 
remote from the hilum. They are aera diffused, both in tropical and temperate 
climates. In India, the herbaceous and shrubby spe 
~and Procris, found in America, as well as in Asia, occur where there is considerable 
ies, as those of Boehmeria, Urtica, 
moisture of climate, whence we may account for their comparative absence from 
Africa; but the arboreous genus Zrophis, is found in every part, even on the arid 
banks of the Jumna. Parietaria, very widely diffused both in the Old and New World, 
is mentioned. as having species, P. indica and Sonneratii, in India; neither are enu- 
merated by Drs. Roxburgh or Wallich. The species of Urtica and Procris extend 
from the Indian and Malayan Peninsulas, along the Himalayas to N epal, and thence 
to Kemaon and Sirmore. The species of Procris occur in the mountains only in the 
rainy season. Of Nettles, Urtica parviflora is found in the north of Rohilcund ; 
U. virulens is common in the Deyra Doon ; and other species at Mussooree, Simla, &c. 
Boehmeria frutescens is common to N epal and Japan; and B. salicifolia, said by Dr. 
Roxburgh to have been received from the Moluccas, is found along the foot of the 
Himalayas, as far north as the Deyra Doon, where by the aggregation of its small berries 
it yields an edible fruit. 
The Hemp (Cannabis sativa), so well known in Asia from affording an intoxicating 
drug, and in Europe the strongest fibre for rope-making, is cultivated for the former 
praduct in spell quantities every where in the pising of e. a, near villages: but in the 
luxuriant growth, rising cieatinies to a height of ten se ioe feet. mei though 
it 
