Artocarpea.) THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 337 
quently the limits of species, that some may be confounded with others; it is therefore 
difficult, from the notices of travellers, to say what species prevail in different countries. 
Morus alba may be common in China, but it is little known in India, though Dr. 
Roxburgh mentions it as occurring in gardens in the south: it is not found in the 
north, nor is his M. idica, so extensively cultivated in Bengal for feeding the silk- 
worm; this, however, occurs in the Peninsula, as I see by specimens sent thence in: 
the British Museum and E.I. Herbarium. J. atropurpurea, introduced from China, 
succeeds well in every part of India, but the leaves are not relished by the silk-worm 
(Roxb.) The species most common in the orth of India are, M. levigata,Wall., 
called seah toot, or black mulberry, of which the long, cylindrical, purple fruit is 
much eaten; also M. parvifolia, nob., found wild in the jungles, and called toothree ; 
its wood is highly esteemed for hardness and tenacity. Two other species found in 
gardens in Northern India are not known in the south; one originally from the valley 
of Cashmere, J. Cashmeriana, nob., is called suffed-toot (white mulberry), by the 
natives, but it has long pendulous fruit; and another from the same valley, M. dulcis, nob., 
of which some of the varieties resemble J/. alba, and others ©. tatarica; but its © 
fruit i#®aperior in flavour to that of all the other species. J. serrata, Roxb. (cuspi- 
data,Wall.), is very common in the mountains in Kemaon, Sirmore, below Mussooree, 
and at Simla. 
The Artocarpee contain many plants very important in an economical point of view ; 
as the Mulberry, already mentioned, for feeding the silk-worm ; it is interesting to 
find, as stated by Dr. Roxburgh, that next to mulberry leaves, they prefer those 
of the pippul, or Ficus religiosa, also a plant of is family. The Bread-fruit tree 
(Artocarpus incisa}, belonging to the genus which gives its name to the family, forms a 
large portion of the food of the South-Sea Islanders. The Jak (A. integrifolia) affords an 
agreeable fruit; its seeds roasted, are much eaten in the south of India and in Ceylon. 
A. Lakoocha and echinata form very inferior fruits, though they are eaten by the 
natives of the countries where the trees are indigenous. A. integrifolia and Chaplasha 
yield excellent timber. The Figs are well known for their delicious fruit, though this 
is not usually produced of a fine quality in all parts of India; but varieties of 
F. Carica are common in gardens, and might no doubt be much improved, as they 
are produced of a fine quality in the | Bombay presidency, in the south of Europe, 
and Asia Minor, as well as in Northern Africa. Thé fruit of other species is eaten 
by the natives of India, as of F. glomerata, hirsuta, scabrella, and virgata. 
The Artocarpee all abound in a milky juice, frequently of a bland nature; as in the 
Cow-tree, or Palo de Vacca of South America, supposed to be related to Brosimum, and 
abounding in caoutchouc. But it is often united with an acrid principle, secreted in 
some in so large a proportion as to render them poisonous; as witnessed in Ficus 
tovicaria, and especially in Antiaris tovicaria, the Upas-tree of Java, owing to the 
presence of Strychnia. So, in the Apocynee, we have seen the equal presence in the 
same family, of caoutchouc-yielding milky juice, either of a bland nature, or combined : 
pee 4 with 
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