‘342 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Amentacea. 
158. JUGLANDEZ. 
This is a small family, usually placed near Terebinthacee, but considered by Dr. 
Lindley as more closely allied to Cupulifere. It was supposed to have the mass of the 
family in America, with only a single species, the common Walnut, in the Old World. 
But though the great proportion of the genus Juglans, now placed under Carya, is 
common in North America, J. regia extends from Greece and Asia Minor, over Lebanon 
and Persia, probably all along the Hindookoosh to the Himalayas. It is abundant in 
Cashmere, Sirmore, Kemaon, and Nepal. A new species occurs on Caucasus; and 
another, J. arguta, was found by Dr.Wallich as far south as Taong Dong. 
In addition, a new genus, Engelhardtia, Lesch. first discovered in the Malayan Archi- 
pelago, has also been found in the Himalayas; to it belong Dr. Roxburgh’s Juglans 
pterococca, and two other species. Of these, E. Colebrookiana, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 
t. 208, is found as far north as J urreepanee and in Nepal; £. Rovburghiana, in Silhet 
and at Chappedong; where, in the vast forests of the former, it forms a large tree; of * 
which the wood is valued by turners, and the bark, containing much tannin, is consi- 
dered the best used by natives in the art of tanning (Roxb.) E. Wallichiana is 
found as far south as Penang and Singapore. ee Reet 
Walnuts are imported into the plains of India from the Himalayas, but chiefly 
from Cashmere. They are known to the Arabs by the name jowz, or the nut. The 
Hindoos call them ukhrot, and the Persians chuhar-mughz ( four-brains) ; farsia is given 
as their Greek name, a corruption, no doubt, of Persica. The oil is much esteemed, 
though seldom expressed by the natives of India. 
159. AMENTACEZ. 
The Amentacee of Jussieu have been divided into several orders; a separation required 
by the more minute and exact examinations of recent times ; but as the inconveniences 
of a multiplication of orders, unless accompanied by an arrangement into classes ; 
more than counterbalance the advantages of separation in a general point of view; it 
is preferable for such purposes to retain togéther those which are united in so many 
respects. No plants are better known in Europe than those which belong to the orders 
formed out of the old Amentacee, since they contribute so great a portion of the forest- 
trees of northern latitudes, as the oak, chestnut, beech, birch, hazel, hornbeam, alder, 
willow, and poplar. These are common in Europe and North America, with a few in 
Northern Africa, and extend all along the north of Asia, from Siberia to Kamtschatka 
and the island of Japan. From Asia Minor we trace them along Caucasus and the 
Hindookoosh to the Himalayas, even in their most southern ramifications. A few oaks 
are also found on the mountains of the Malayan Archipelago, and with alders in South 
America ; a birch (Betula antarctica), as far south as the island of Chiloe and Terra del 
Fuego; willows in Peru and Patagonia, with one also in Senegambia. 
The genera of Cupulifere, found in the Himalayas, are Quercus, Corylus, Carpinus, 
and Castanea ; the three first have the most northern distribution, though that of 
Quercus 
