Conifere.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 349 
northern hemisphere, so do some species of those generawhich are most prevalent in 
the latter, stray into southern regions. Thus a juniper (J. uvifera, Don) occurs at 
Cape Horn, a species of Thuja in Chili, another at the Straits of Magellan, a third 
at tie Cape * aye Hope, and a fourth in Madagascar. The Cape and Madagascar 
species of Twa, in the structure of their fruit, approach very near to Callitris, a genus 
of which, about twenty species occur in New Holland, with a solitary one on Mount 
Atlas. The genera which prevail in the high latitudes of Europe, Asia, and Ame- 
‘Tica, and are most abundant in the temperate parts of these quarters of the world 
are, Pinus, Abies, Larix, Taxus, Juniperus, Thuja, and Cupressus. Species of all which 
are found in the Himalayas, with one, as we have seen, of Podocarpus; also in China, 
in addition to Cunninghamia, and Gingko in Japan. There is an undescribed species 
of Aes from Japan, which was shown to me by Mr. Brown, among the plants of 
Kempfer in the British Museum. Pinus is found as far south as Cochin-china, 
with one species in Arabia. A Juniper occurs in Bermuda, and another in Jamaica. 
Cupressus, which flourishes in hot countries, extends north only to the south of Europe. 
The species of Conifere, found within the limits of the Indian Flora, are, first, 
Cupressus sempervirens called suroo; the Goa Cedar (Cupressus pendula), and Thuja 
orientalis, which succeed in the gardens of the north as of the south of India. 
Podocarpus latifolia occurs in the mountains of Silhet, and P. macrophylla in 
Nepal, J apan, Amboyna, and Penang. Professor Don formerly considered the 
Nepal and Japan plants as distinct species, but from a comparison of specimens of 
P. macrophylla, from Dr. Siebold, he is now convinced of their identity. Dr, 
Wallich says, he cannot distinguish P. macrophylla, found in the lower parts of 
Nepal, from trees found at Singapore. The species of Pinus found at the lowest 
elevations, is P. longifolia, Lamb. Pinus 8vo. t.21. allied to P. canariensis, found 
in the Canaries; it is called cheer, sullah, and thansa, also surul; but Huree 
Sing, the head native in the Saharunpore Botanic Garden, informed me that 
the last is a variety, if not a distinct species. The Hon. Mr. Shore also informed 
me, that he had seen what he thought a distinct kind of Cheer from near 
Almorah; but he observed it chiefly on account of the twisted appearance of 
its bark and wood, which was ascribed by some of the inhabitants to the constant 
blowing of the wind. My friend Capt. Cautley, who has so much distinguished 
himself by his researches in Fossil Zoology, also writes me that he has seen a 
fir, which, in habit and general appearance, ‘‘ resembles Pinus longifolia; but the 
foliage is more tufty, and the cones slender and pendulous.” This, if not P. excelsa, 
may be the above suru/. The Cheer is found in the entrance to Nepal, in the Kheree 
Pass, along the Tonse and Jumna rivers, and at elevations of 5,000 and 6,000 feet within 
the Himalayas. P. excelsa, Lamb. Fol. Tab. 3. 8vo. Tab. 33. Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 201, 
kuel of the natives of Sirmore and Gurhwal, resembles P. Strobus, or the Weymouth 
Pine, and is remarkable for its drooping branches, whence it is frequently called the 
‘‘ weeping fir” by travellers in the Himalaya. It is found, with the Deodar, at 
Narainhetty, 
