Orchidee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 361 
Roscoea alpina ; floribus paucis pedunculatis vaginis foliorum obvolutis; calyce oblique truncato 
apice bidentato, corolla lacinia externa suprema lata sub-fornicata, capsula lineari—T ab. 89. fig. 1. a. 
and 1. b. var. minor; ¢. germen; d. membranous bracts ; e. calyx slit open; f. tube of corolla; g. the 
upper, and h. h. the two lower segments of the outer whorl; and i.é. the two upper segments, with 
k, the labellum forming the inner whorl of the corolla. 
Hab. Lundour, Manma, Dhunoultee, Simla, Choor. : 
f. lutea ; racemo spiciformi stricto exserto floribus sparsis, calyce oblique truncato obtuse tridentato, 
capsula bacciformi subrotunda.—Tab. 89. fig.2. named R. spicata in plate, by inadvertence. I had 
formed this species into a distinct genus by the name Cazélea, in compliment to my friend, Capt. Cautley, 
F.G.S.; but, in deference to the opinion of botanical friends, I have referred it to Roscoea. a. bract ; 
6. germen; c¢. calyx ; d. the upper, e. the two lower segments of the outer; and f. f. the two upper, 
and g. the Jabellum of the inner whorl of the corolla; i.k. the bacciform capsule bursting its valves 
and displaying the seeds, covered with purple succulent arillus; 2. a seed. 
Hab. Mussooree, &c. in Himalayas during the rainy season. 
R. purpurea; Tab. 89. fig. 3. a. ripe capsule; 6. transverse section, and a longitudinal slit of 
capsule to display the arrangement of seeds; d. a seed, with its aril; e. vertical section of the same, 
displaying the embryo and albumen. 
Hab. Mussooree and Simla, and passim in Himalayas in rainy season. 
168. ORCHIDEZ. 
The Orchidee, named from a European genus, are yet most numerous in tropical 
countries. Allied to the Marantacee and Zingiberacee, like them they are remarkable 
for irregularity, and still more for their diversity of form, but are distinguished by 
their stamen and pistil being united into a column. The peculiar organization of Orchi- 
dee having been first elucidated by Mr. Brown; their ‘systematic arrangement into 
genera and species has only recently been fully accomplished by my friend, Dr. Lindley, 
to whom I am indebted for the examination and naming of all those in the present 
collection, and to his work for many of the facts in the following observations, which 
are arranged in conformity to his division of the Orchidee into the tribes Malavidee, 
Epidendree, Vandee, Ophrydee, Gastrodiee, Neottiee, Arethusea, and Cypripidiee. 
The Orchidee, whether epiphytal or terrestrial, are found in all parts of the world, 
which are not very cold nor very dry. Warmth and moisture being most congenial to 
them, they are necessarily most abundantly diffused within the tropics; but species 
extend beyond these limits, as M/alavis paludosa, to the north of Europe, and Calypso 
borealis even to 60° and 68° in both the Old and New World. The most southern 
stations of the epiphytes are those of Earina mucronata in New Zealand, in lat. 35° S., 
and of Gunnia australis in Emu Bay, Van Diemen’s Land, lat. 41° S. Though found 
in greatest numbers in the moist valleys at the foot of mountains, several ascend them 
to considerable elevations, and were discovered by Baron Humboldt at elevations of 
7,000, 
this Indian orrice-root from Umritseher, under the name of hoot, to send to Calcutta, where it was sold by the 
name of puchuk or puchook for export to China. He also states, that the roots frequently had attached to them 
pieces of the stem, which were hollow and angular, and appear from description to be those of a channeled 
umbelliferous plant.— Ferulaceam quiddam referens” of Clusius. Exot. p. 205. Some species of Heracleum 
in‘the Himalayas have very fragrant roots. 
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