380 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BOTANY OF [ Smilacee. 
Convallaria and Ruscus in Europe, Northern Asia, and North America; Streptopus, 
distinguished by its jointed peduncles, occurring in Europe and N. America, has also 
a species, S. candida, Wall. (S. simpler, Don) in the Himalayas, on Gossainthan and 
in Kemaon. Smilacina having the two species of the subgenus Majanthemum in Europe, 
Siberia, and N. America, has the other species of the genus in the two latter, as well 
as in the Himalayas. S. alpina, nob., from Kedarkanta, Urukta, and Manma, is 
closely allied to S. borealis. Dr.Wallich has figured S. purpurea at t. 144, and S. fusca 
at t.257; the latter from Sheopore, and the former from Gossainthan, in Nepal. Of 
this he also mentions a white variety from Kemaon, which I have also found on 
Urukta and Kedarkanta, and which being constant in this character over so great 
an extent, may be a distinct species, and might be called S. pallida. Polygonatum, 
more numerous in species, is not more widely diffused, with the exception of being 
found also in Japan. The Himalayan species are five or six in number, P. (Convallaria, 
Wall.) oppositifolium, being found on the Silhet mountains, and with P. punctatum in 
Nepal. P. cirrhifolium (Convallaria, Wall. As. Res. xliil. p. 882. c. tab.), closely allied 
to P. sibiricum, is found also in Nepal; as well as on Choor, with P. Govanianum, Wall. 
N. 5137, which likewise occurs on Huttoo and in Kemaon. Under: P. verticillatum, 
(Convallaria, Wall. Cat. N. 5135) seem to be included a plant identical with the Euro- 
pean species of this name, and P. leptophyllum of Mr. Don, which I have from the 
Choor mountains. With P. verticillatum, another European species P, multiflorum, or 
Common Solomon’s Seal, is found on Mussooree and Mhassoo. Two additional 
species, P. Inglesii and P. ciliatum, are found, the former on Raldung, and the latter 
near Lippa, in Kunawur. : 
Smilax, the genus from which the order is named, is not only important for its 
medical properties and commercial value, but also for being the most numerous in 
species, and these the most widely diffused, though unlike the rest of the order, chiefly 
in hot parts of the world. But the genus is sufficiently distinct in structure as some- 
times to-be formed with Ripogonum into a separate family. The species of Smilav are 
found in the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and America. From these they extend south- 
wards to New Holland, and northwards to Japan, N. America, and the S. of Europe ; 
where are found S. catalonica and nigra in Spain, and S. aspera, a species which extends 
also to Syria. S. mauritanica occurs in the N. of Africa, and S. ercelsa in Asia Minor 
and Caucasus. In India the species are found all along the foot of the Himalayas, from 
Silhet to the Sutlej, as well as at elevations on the sides of the Choor and Mussooree 
mountains. They occur also along the Malayan Peninsula, and though common in hot 
parts of the world, are less so in the Indian Peninsula. But a species, iB; zeylanica, 
extends into it from Ceylon, and one or two other little known species are found there. 
S. ovalifolia, Roxb., is a Peninsular species, which extends towards Bombay, and, 
according to Mr. Don, occurs also in Nepal, as well as S. prolifera, a Bengal and Silhet 
species. Dr.Wallich enumerates several new species from Singapore, Penang, and 
Burma. On Chiraponjee, in Silhet, and the Garrow Hills, are found -S. lanceefolia 
and 
