Tulipacee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 387 
found in Europe, andthe north of Africa, Persia, and Siberia, with the two last also 
in China, Japan, and N. America, and Fritillaria also in the mountains of Mexico, 
have all species in the Himalayan mountains, 7. stellata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2762, 
procured from Kemaon and the Suen range, is so closely allied to, as to have been 
mistaken for TZ. Clusiana by Dr.Wallich, Mr. Shepherd, and myself. The species, 
usually called Persian, are not known in India, even in a cultivated state, as 7. Celsi- 
ana, sometimes called Tulipa persica, and T. Gesneriana, the common tulip, which is so 
extensively cultivated, and of which the name is said to be derived from a Persian 
name, thoulyban, hence originally tulipan in French. “It appears to have been 
brought to Europe from Persia by way of Constantinople in 1659,” the course followed 
by so many other plants of the East. Fritillaria, like Ti ulipa, has species cultivated 
in our gardens, supposed to have been introduced from Persia through Constantinople, 
as F’. persica and F. imperialis, the latter called tusai in Turkey, sometimes formed into 
a distinct genus (Petilium). Dr. Falconer has found it wild in the lofty shady 
forests of Cashmere. A species of this genus, sent by Mr. Moorcroft from near 
Ludak, and found by Mr. Inglis on the Boorendo Pass, is common in the Hima- 
layas, at elevations of from 9,000 to 12,000 feet, as on Choor, Kedarkanta, and in 
Kemaon, where the mountains are covered with snow for half the year. This has been 
described by Mr. Don under the name F. cirrhosa, but is referred by Sprengel and Dr. 
Wallich to, and figured in the present work, Tab. 92. fig. 2, by the name of F. verti- 
cillata, Willd., a plant of Siberia, and the Altai mountains. But it is doubtful whether 
all included under this name belong to the same species ; and Mr. Don thinks that my 
plant differs from that he described, which was found on Gossainthan, with J’. macro- 
phylla, Don; (Lilium roseum, Wall. Cat. No. 5077 a.) &. Thomsoniana, Tab. 92, fig. 1, 
is a new species from near Mussooree, differing from the genus in some points, and 
F. ovypetala is another species, found on Hurpoo and Shalma. 
Lilium is most numerous in species in the Himalayas, where L. giganteum, Wall. FI. 
Nep. t. 12 and 13; (L. cordifolium, Don, Fl.Nep. p. 52), the largest species, is foanily 
and often attains a height of ten feet. The other species are L. Wallichianum, (L. longi- 
florum, Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 29, L. japonicum, Don, Fl. Nep. p. 52), and L. nepalense, 
which is the most common, with L. polyphyllum, from Taranda, in Kunawur. — j 
Gagea, a genus, which extends from Europe into Siberia —_ 8 Altai om fa 
has also a species, G. elegans, Tab. 95, f.1, in the Himalayas, which is very closely 
allied to G. dutea, found in all the above localities. Lloydia, a genus, formed of 
Anthericum serotinum and grecum, found in Central Europe and the a 
region, with the first species extending along —— se. to Arctic on.” 
has also a species, L. himalensis, Tab. 93. fig. 1, which is very nearly relat e 
L. alpina, and which I found in flower in the month of May - the very yams 0 
Choor and Kedarkanta, just as the snow had melted. I obtained another species, 
L. kunawurensis, Tab. 93. fig. 2, from Chango, in Kunawur. 
The Tulinacee have flowers often remarkable for their fragrant odour, but they are 
ba 3 D2 chiefly 
