Butomacee.) THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 401 
The genera Juncus and Luzula are found in the cold and temperate parts of the 
northern hemisphere ; a few species of the former occur in tropical regions, and of the 
latter in extratropical S. America. Narthecium is found in both Europe and N. America, 
and Prionum at the Cape of Good Hope. In the Himalayas, eight species of Juncus 
have been found, of these, J. membranaceus, and J. leucomélas, are new Species from 
Pungee and Soongnum in Kunawur, and J. leucanthes from Shalma; J. Donnianus, nob., 
is a new species, allied to J. articulatus, from Mussooree, J. concinnus is common all 
along the Himalayas, as is, in moist situations, J. glaucus, a species of Northern and 
Central Europe. J. bufonius, common throughout the northern hemisphere, is found 
both in Kunawur, near Lippa, and on the southern face of the Himalayas, also in the 
plains of India, near Delhi, and along the Doab. J. indicus is another species which 
occurs in moist situations on the plains of India, and which I found pear Hazaribagh. 
The only species of Zuzulda is from Lippa in Kunawur, where L.$picata is found, a 
species of the mountains of the north of England, Scotland, and throughout Europe, 
reaching as high as 71° north latitude, and which likewise occurs in the Caucasus and 
Altai mountains; the present locality is 11° more to the south than any station pre- 
viously recorded for this plant. (v. Prof. Don. Proceed. Linn. Soc. 1. p. 9.) 
Flagellaria, of which the common species, F. indica, is fotnd in Tropical Asia and 
New Holland, has this species in the Malayan Peninsula, and extending up to Chitta- 
gong and Silhet; a new species was found in a and oe by rs Wallich, 
and another, in ‘Java, by Dr. Blume. © i 
The Juncea, or true rushes, are insipid and hadaeniosy” siesaic are vidaiunged for 
mechanical purposes only, as the common rush for making mats, baskets, and the 
bottoms of chairs, while the pith is employed for the wicks of rush-lights. Juncus 
effusus, which is the common European species, is, according to Thunberg, culti- 
vated in Japan for making floor-mats; J’ g/aucus, a European species found in the 
Himalayas, and closely allied to J. _— — be pon ntar hi for all the op ee of 
the common rush. selec : 3 “ 
1st. os sid as ies esi imate se 
- Butomacea, allied to the equally mars ty Alism cee, contain but few genera; as 
Hydrocleis, in Brazil; Limnocharis, in the West Indies and equinoctial South America ; 
with Butomus in the Old World. B. wmbellatus, or Flowering Rush, the species best 
known, common in moist situations In Europe, extends also to the plains of India, 
where it was found near Bojpoor by Dr. Hamilton, subsequently as M. De Caisne 
has shewn me by M. Jacquemont in the North of India; by Dr. Falconer near Loodi- 
anah, and likewise in lakes, with Villarsia nympheoides, i in Cashmere. Another species, 
B. lanceolatus, Roxb. (B. latifolius, Don), is very common in the N.W. provinces of India, 
extending from the Turrai of Nepal as far as Saharunpore, where it flowers in the 
rainy season. Limnocharis is milky, and Butomus is acrid. Of the latter, the Euro- 
pean species has been employed in medicine, and considered deobstruent. 
3 F 185, ALISMACES. 
