Graminee.] THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 417 
season in the Himalayas allow of the existence of species belonging to strictly tropical 
genera, as Paspalum, and Panicum Royleanum, at Mussooree ; Oplismenus loliaceus, a 
West-India and Phillipine Island plant, is found at Dhunoultee ; and O. indicus, another 
species, at Mussooree ; Pennisetum triflorum, Eragrostis nigra and Amherstiana, several 
species of Bambusa, and the bamboo-like Ludolfia falcata, Imperata Kenigii, Saccharum 
canaliculatum, Erianthus vulpinus, Rhaphis microstachys, cerulea, echinulata, with some 
others; and Leptotherium Royleanum, Pogonatherum polystachyum, Andropogon tristis 
and Trachypogon, Anthistiria ciliata and anathera, Bathratherum lanceolatum and molle, 
Ischemum speciosum, Apocopis Royleanum, and Meoschium Royleanum, in the Deyra 
Doon and its vicinity, with Arundinella miliaceum, and texellum, in the mountains. 
Though so many of the Graminee found in the Himalayas belong to genera of which 
the greater number of species are found in tropical situations, yet it is only in the rainy 
season that these occur; and the mass of the grasses, like that of the vegetation in 
general of these mountains, will be found to be analogcus to that of European coun- 
tries; and many of those very species which are most valued as pasture grasses in 
England, are found forming the grassy sward of the Himalayas. These belong to the 
genera Alopecurus, Phleum, Chilochloa, Phalaris, and Hierochloa, of the tribe Phala- 
rideé ; with Milium, Acratherum, and Hlolboellia, (Wall. Hook. Misc. 11, t. 76), of 
Panicee ; with Orthoraphium, a new Stipaceous genus. Of the tribe of Agrostidee, 
there are Miihlenbergia (Podosaemum, Kunth.), Vilfa, Agrostis, Lachnagrostis, and Poly- 
pogon; of Arundinacee, there are species of. Calamagrostis, and of Phragmites ; and of 
Chloridez, Microchloa, and Cynodon ; C. Dactylon, is found equally in these moun- 
tains and in the plains of India, as well as partially in Europe ; of Avenacea, Deschampsia, 
Trisetum, and Avena; of Festucacee, species of Poa, Glyceria, Melica, Keleria, Dactyjlis, 
Plagiolytrum, Catopodium, Festuca, Schenodorus, and Bromus ; of Hordeacee, species of 
Lolium, Agropyrum, Brachypodium, Triticum, and Hordeum. These genera, it is evident, 
are those to which the majority of European grasses belong; but many of the species - 
also which are found in the Himalayas, are identical with those common in European 
countries. Of these may be enumerated Alopecurus geniculatus, and fulvus, Phleum 
pratense, and P. alpinum ; Chilochloa aspera, Phalaris nepalensis, which is closely allied 
to P. canariensis, Hierochloa lara; Milium nepalense, which Nees von Esenbeck asks in 
MS. ‘an J. effusi var.” Cynodon Dactylon, Agrostis ciliata, and nervosa, Trisetum airoides, 
Avena pubescens, sterilis, and hirsuta, with A. sativa, which is mentioned by Dr. Wallich as 
sent him by Capt. Gerard from the Himalayas. Eragrostis elegantula and Amherstiana 
are tropical forms, but the true Poas are present in the forms of Poa pratensis var. 
angustifolia glauca, and 6 angustifolia, P. annua var., ® Americana, and y spiculis 
glaucis, P. nemoralis var. firmula, P. flenuosa var. y humilis, P. procumbens var. 
humilis, and P. effusa, with other Himalayan species. Keleria parviflora, Dactylis 
glomerata, forma communis, Catapodium filiforme, Festuca stricta rubra, and F. Amhersti- 
ana, nob., Bromus giganteus, japonicus, asper var. angustifolia and depauperata, B. 
mollis and squarrosus, Lolium temulentum, Agropyrum caninum, with Triticum vulgare, 
3H and 
