436. ILLUSTRATION OF THE BOTANY OF [ Lichenes. 
Sw., Bryum julaceum, Schrad., cespititum,Linn., argenteum, Lin., cuspidatum, Schreb., 
nutans, Schreb., elongatum, var, rostratum, Schrad? roseum, Schrad? and turbinatum, 
Sw., Pohlia elongata, Hedw., Bartramia Halleriana, Hedw., and B. fontana, Sw., Poly- 
trichum aloides, Hedw., P. undulatum, Hedw., P.urnigerum, Linn., and P. juniperinum, 
Willd., Hypnum serpens, Hedw., H. proliferum, Linn., H. prelongum, Linn., H. mol- 
luscum, Hedw., H. cupressiforme, Linn., H. ruscifolium, Neck., and H. abietinum, Linn., 
Neckera tenuis, Hook., and N. pennata, Hedw., Fissidens bryoides, Hedw., and F. taxi- . 
folia, Hedw. The species found by Mr. Griffith, which are also identical with those 
indigenous in Europe, were found about a thousand miles to the S.E. of the parts of 
the Himalayas, whence a great majority of the foregoing were procured. According to 
_ the abstract, given in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, his “ collection contains 
Sphagnum obtusifolium, Polytrichum urnigerum, and aloides, Weissia Templetoni, Dicra- 
num scoparium, and glaucum, Bartramia fontana, and several others familiar to the 
European muscologist; but the far greater number of the species have not been pre- 
viously described.” 
204. HEPATIC. 
The Hepatice, named originally from their liver-like colour, are intermediate in 
structure between Lichenes and Musci. The Jungermannias are sometimes separated 
from the Marchantias, at other times they are united together; but in the investi- 
gations of Nees von Esenbeck and of Bischoff, adopted by Endlicher, the Hepatice are 
distinguished into the smaller orders, Ricciacee, Anthocerotee, Marchantiacee, and 
Jungermanniacee, and all of which are found in moist situations on the earth or trees in 
all parts of the world. These, like other Cryptogamic plants, have been but imper- 
fectly investigated in the Himalayas, or indeed in India in general, and therefore many 
genera and species will probably be added to the numbers already known, as there are 
only ten of the former, and about thirty of the latter. Among the genera, Plagio- 
chosma is peculiar to Nepal; Dumortiera is a wide-spread tropical genus, which has a 
species in the mountains of Ava; Blandowia and Grimmaldia, found in the south of 
Europe and America, have likewise species in Nepal, where are also found species of 
Anthoceros, Riccia, Fimbriaria,, Hygropyla, Taylor; Jungermannia, and Marchantia. 
_ The species are chiefly new, and have been named by Lehmann: with these have 
been found Jungermannia diclados, Brid., J. scorpioides, N. ab E., J. juniperina_fili- 
_ formis, Sw., together with Marchantia squamosa, Raddi, and the universally-diffused 
__ M. polymorpha, which found in any Anes and even North san also occurs in 
. ~ ents 
ss on BAe 205. LICHENES. 
| “ie often called in English Rock Moss, have been described by Fries as “ types 
of Alga, born in the air, interrupted in their development by the deficiency of water, 
| and stimulated into aaoening a nucleus (or receptacle of sporules) by light.” Agardh 
considers 
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