xxviii 
valves. Style 1. Ovule 1, pendulous. Embryo 
with thick cotyledons. Albumen 0. (p. 201.) 
LXXIX. Hernandiaces. Trees, leaves ex- 
stipulate. Flower monecious. Perianth in fl. g 
6-, in fl. 9 10-partite, segments in double series, : 
and valvate in zstivation. Stamens 3, rarely 4, 
anthers opening longitudinally. Albumen 0. (p. 
203.) 
LXXX. Myristicacez. Trees, often yield- 
ing a red juice. Leaves alternate, without stipules. 
Flowers unisexual. Perianth 3-, very rarely 2- or 
4-fid, valvate in estivation, segments in single 
series. Stamens 3—co, anthers opening longitudi- 
nally. Ovary 1-celled, l-ovulate. Ovule erect. 
Albumen ruminate. (p. 204). 
LXXXI. Monimiaces. Shrubs or trees. 
Leaves opposite. Perianth 4-15-lobed. Stamens 
perigynous. Anthers by slits or recurved valves. 
Carpels oo, 1-celled, 1-ovulate. Ovule pendulous. 
Embryo small in fleshy albumen. (p. 205.) 
LXXXII. 'Thymeleacese. Shrubs or trees, ` 
with rough fibrous bark. Flowers usually herma- 
hrodite. Perianth tubular, with 4-5 imbricate 
obes. Stamens 1-10, inserted on perianth. 
Style 1. Ovary 1-2-celled, cells 1-2-ovulate. 
Ovules pendulous. Seeds with or without albu- 
men. (p. 206.) 
LXXXIII. Santalacese. Herbs or shrubs, 
rarely trees. Leaves generally alternate. Stipules 
O. Perianth 3-5-lobed, valvate. Stamens 3-6. 
Style simple or 3-fid. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2- 
5, pendulous from a central placenta. Fruit often 
inferior, 1-seeded. (p. 209.) 
LXXXIV. Euphorbiacez. Herbs shrubs or 
trees. Leaves simple, rarely compound. Flowers 
unisexual. Ovary of 3, rarely 2 or more than 3 
united carpels, with 1 or 2 pendulous ovules, and 
usually separating into cocci. Seeds albuminous. 
(p. 215.) 
LXXXV. Urticacez. Herbs shrubs or trees, 
Flowers unisexual, fl. 4 small, green, not in cat- 
kins. Stamens opposite the perianth-segments. 
Ovary free. Ovule 1 (or if 2, one always abor- 
tive). Styles 2 or rarely 1, unilateral. Seeds al- 
buminous. (p. 234.) 
LXXXVI. Ceratophyllez. Submerged 
herbs with verticillate leaves. Flowers unisexual. 
Stamens 12-20. Ovary free, l-celled. Ovule 1, 
endulous. Style pervious. Stigma filiform, ob- 
ique. Albumen 0. (p. 258.) 
LXXXVII. Chloranthacez. Herbs or 
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers l- or 2-sexual. 
Perianth 0. Stamens 1-3, epigynous. Ovary 1- 
celled. Ovule 1-pendulous. Tou fleshy and 
oily. (p. 258.) 
LXXXVIII. Piperaceze, Herbs or shrubs. 
CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS 
Flowers bisexual, minute, closely packed in slender 
spikes. Stamens usually 2, hypogynous. Ovary 
l-celled. Ovule 1, erect. Albumen mealy, aro- 
matic. (p. 259.) 
LXXXIX. Casuarineæ. Shrubs or trees, 
with jointed shoots, the internodes of which are 
striated. Leaves (except in 1 species) 0. Flowers 
unisexual. Stamen 1, anthers opening longitudi- 
nally. Ovary l-celled, with 1 or 2 ascending 
ovules. Styles 2. Seed erect, without albumen. 
(p. 262.) 
Suspivision II. GYMNOSPERMZE. . 
Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary. 
XC. Coniferæ. Trees or shrubs. Stem re- 
peatedly branched, continuous. Leaves simple. 
Anthers in the male, ovules in the female, inserted 
on scales which often form catkins or cones. (p. 
263 et Suppl.) 
XCI. Cycades. Shrubs or trees. Stem 
continuous, usually simple, rarely branched. 
Leaves pinnate. Scales of the cone antheriferous. 
(p. 268.) 
Crass II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
Stem, when perennial, without pith, bark, 
or rings of wood, but consisting of a cellular 
axis with scattered longitudinal vascular bun- 
dles. Veins of the leaves usually parallel, not 
netted, or, if so, by parallel veins. Perianth, 
when present, usually 3- or 6-merous, the leaf- 
lets all petaloid, often absent, the flowers being 
contained in the axils of scales arranged in 
spikelets, Stamens usually 3 or 6. Embryo 
with 1 cotyledon, the plumule being developed 
in a cavity at its side, and the rootlets from its 
radical end, which does not elongate. 
XCII. Palmeze. Shrubs or trees, stem usu- 
ally simple. Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphro- 
dite. Perianth of 6 coriaceous or fleshy leaflets. 
Stamens 6, rarely fewer or more. Ovary 3-celled 
or ovaries 3, cells 1-ovuled. Albumen even or ru- ~ 
minate. (p. 269). 
XCIII. Pandanez. Trees shrubs or herbs. 
Flowers unisexual, in dense spikes or catkins. 
Perianth O or imperfect. Stamens oo, anthers 
stalked. Ovaries 1-celled, usually numerous. 
Stigmas sessile or on slender style. (p. 280.) 
XCIV. Aroideze. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves 
sheathing at base, often net-veined. Flowers on a 
simple spadix, with a spathe. Perianth O or of 
small scales. Stamens definite or indefinite. An- 
thers sessile. (p. 283.) 
XCV. Lemnacez. Water plants, with mi- 
nute, scale-like fronds, from which the roots are 
