/ 



534 



APPENDIX. 



[No. I 



force's Falls, the river makes a descent of about two hundred and fifty feet 

 into a chasm, whose walls consist of light-red felspathose sandstone, belonging 

 most probably to the old red sandstone formation, or that which lies under 

 coal, and occasionally alternates with transition rocks. 



The gneiss formation appears a short distance above these falls, producing 

 hills precisely similar in character to those about Fort Enterprise. After quit- 

 ting Hood's River, and ascending out of the valley through which it flows, we 

 entered upon an even clayey and very barren country, interspersed with shal- 

 low lakes. This plain continued nearly to Cray croft's River, when the gneiss 

 re-appeared, presenting the genuine barren ground hills and precipices, toge- 

 ther with their vegetable associates, cenomyce rangiferina, cetraria nivalis, cucuU 

 lata and islandica, cornicularia ochrileuca, dufourea arctica, arbutus alpina, rhodo- 

 dendron lapponicum, and empetrum nigrum, plants which seem to characterize 

 the Barren Grounds. This formation continues without any essential change 

 of aspect, but with some occasional differences in the altitude of its hills, until 

 it unites with the Fort Enterprise district at Obstruction Rapid, between Provi- 

 dence and Point Lakes. Its hills assume the form of ranges in the neighbour- 

 hood of Congecathewachaga and Rum Lakes. It is to be observed, however, 

 that we travelled over this district when the ground was deeply covered with 

 snow ; and when circumstances were not favourable either for observing or 

 recording the appearances of the rocks, with sufficient accuracy for drawing 

 up a geognostical account of them at a future period. 



We shall now proceed to offer a few 



CONCLUDING REMARKS. 



The observations of Werner, Humboldt, Von Buch, Saussure, Ebel, and 

 Daubuisson, in many districts in the continent of Europe and in America, and 

 by Jameson in Scotland, shew that the general direction of the primitive and 

 transition strata, is nearly from N.E. to S.W. It is, therefore, interesting to 

 find, that the general result of my notes on the positions of these rocks which 

 we traced (except in a few instances when our route lay to the westward of 

 their boundary) through twelve degrees of latitude, also gives N.E. and S.W. 



as the average direction of their strata. 



The strata of the two classes of rocks just mentioned, were always more or 



