78 DR. 7. E. Т. AITCHISON ON THE BOTANY OF 
COUSINIA ALATA, C. A. Mey.; Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 478. 
Hari-rud valley: 577, May 28, 1885; June 5, 1885. Most common all over the 
gravelly country. 
CoUSINIA UNCINATA, Regel.— Cousinia umbrosa, Bunge; Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 468. 
Badghis: 508, May 18, 1885; Mt. Do-shakh: 767, August 5, 1885. Our plant is 
certainly С. uncinata, Regel, which is probably С. umbrosa, Bunge; but we have no 
authenticated specimens of Bunge's plant to refer to. It is a tall graceful plant with 
very large leaves, and presents à general resemblance to Arctium. : 
It oecurs in moist meadow-land, in the shade of rocks and trees; except in such 
localities, not common. 
CoUSINIA APTERA, Aitch. & Hemsl.; Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xix. % 175 
Khorasan: 712, July 18, 1885. Іп stony exposed barren soil, at an altitude of 4500 
feet ; very common. 
Сотвтхта coNGESTA, Bunge; Boiss. Fl. Or. Ш. p. 469. 
Hari-rud valley: 598, June 4, 5, 1885. Very characteristic of the gravel and 
shingle plains of the arid tracts of the country; growing three feet in height. It Ваза 
peculiar woolly erown, or ring, round the base of the annual stem. This ring is 
formed by the bases of the petioles of the root-leaves, which persist and form a covering 
for the crown of the following year's stem. 
COUSINIA ERYNGIOIDES, Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 490. 
Khorasan: 631, June 13, 1885. In stony and gravel slopes, at an altitude of 3000 
feet; growing gregariously over a great extent of country. 16 is almost impossible to 
ride through an undergrowth of this, owing to the great spinous pliant heads striking 
the horses, and driving them almost mad. 
COUSINIA TENELLA, Fisch. et Mey.; Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 494. 
Hari-rud valley: 432, May 10, 16, 1885. А common weed in the vicinity of culti- 
vation and in cultivated soil. Ву its semiscandent habit it forms itself into dense 
masses over shrubs. 
COUSINIA ARCTOTIDIFOLIA, Bunge, var.; Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 499. 
Khorasan: 622, June 9, 1885. Тһе radical leaves not so deeply pinnatifid as in the 
specimens originally described. Common over the whole country, on shingle, &c. 
CoUSINIA HETEROPHYLLA, Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. р. 470. 
Hari-rud valley: 753, July 1885. One of the characteristic plants of the gravelly 
and stony desert country, having large spongy root-stocks that make capital fuel. It 
has a very oak-like grey leaf, and is the Oak-thistle of the Mission. 
CoUsINIA MINUTA, Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. p. 489. 
Hari-rud valley: 448, May 12, 1885; June 6, 1885. Common everywhere; and 
| varying extremely in leafiness, which depends whether it grows in dry gravelly soil or in 
moist meadow-land. 
