MUSCI AND HEPATIC RECORDED FROM JAPAN. 195 
are, When removed from the stem and spread out, ovate, with the apical teeth usually 
distinctly two and much more evident; the areolation consists of cells with thicker 
walls and usually a few oblong in form in the middle of the base; the perianth is 
obovate, the mouth truncate dentate as in Р. spinulosa, but with no ala. It is capsuli- 
ferous in Madeira; specimens from the Canaries were marked by Taylor P. diacantha, 
but are not known to have been described. "This is the species well figured by Stephani 
as Р. spinulosa, * Deutschland's Jungermannien,’ p. 18, fig. 14. Neither P. spinulosa nor 
P. punctata have been seen amongst the Mosses collected in British N. America, and the 
P. tridenticulata, Tayl, if represented by Sullivant’s specimen P. spinulosa, Muse. 
Allegh. No. 219, is a species not found as yet in Britain. 
Amongst the numerous specimens of Hepatic sent by Miss Hutchins from the 
neighbourhood of Bantry, in Ireland, was one paper marked ** 39 "; the paper and writing 
are the same as that containing the specimens of P. spinulosa similar to the figure in 
the ‘Brit. Jung.; it contained a mass as large as the hand, consisting of Нутепо- 
phyllum, matted together with Plagiochila spinulosa, P. punctata, Bazzania denudata, 
and Adelocolea decipiens, intermixed with scattered stems of another Plagiochila, with 
stems about an inch tall, arising from a creeping or procumbent rhizome; they have а 
few stoloniform divaricate shoots. The leaves are larger towards the perianth, and 
patulous or divergent, oval or ovato-oval in outline, with apex rounded, and on the apex, 
as well as the ventral margin, with many short broad teeth ; the recurved entire dorsal 
margin is shortly decurrent ; involucral leaves a little more dentate ; perianth obovate, 
bent over to the ventral side, without ala, its lips rounded, shortly dentate. No trace of 
this can be found amongst the abundant. specimens of all the other species which Miss 
Hutchins collected ; but it seems to be not different from the P. ambigua, Mitt. in Journ. 
Linn. Soc., Bot. v. 96, a name found to have been already more than once used for 
different species, and therefore may be changed for that of P. AMBAGIOsA. It was 
not Miss Hutchins’s habit to mark localities, and her papers are with and without 
names of the species enclosed. "That a №. Indian species should be found in 8. Ireland 
need excite no surprise when the Irish Mastigophora Woodsii and Martinellia plani- 
folia grow in India mixed with Jungermannia orcadensis bearing perianths. 
P. ambagiosa may easily be overlooked for a small state of P. asplenioides; but it is 
not really more closely allied to that than it is to P. spinulosa. 
MARTINELLIA, 8. Ғ. Gray. 
6. M. IRRIGUA, Mitt.—Scapania irrigua, Nees. 
А few stems among Moss, * Challenger > Exp. 
It is mentioned from Sachalin by Lindberg. 
7. M. GRACILIS, Lindb.—Scapania ciliata, Sande-Lacoste in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. 
Bat. i. 298 (1867); 8. Bolanderi, Austin in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Dec. 1869. 
Intermixed with Cladonia, Shiranesan, Nantaizan, Bisset. 
This widely distributed species, so long mistaken for a variety of М. nemorosa, for 
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