268 МЕ, Н. М. RIDLEY ON THE FLORA OF THE 
Adinandra dumosa, Miq., Limacia velutina, Miers, Ficus alba, Reinw., and F. chryso- 
carpa, Reinw., Mappa javanica, Blume, Gironniera nervosa, Planch., Spathoglottis 
plicata, Lindl., Bromheadia palustris, Lindl., Dracæna Cantleyi, Baker, and the many 
species of Quercus and Castanopsis. There is a large accession of Bornean types, such 
as Isoptera, Neckia, Brugmansia, and Rhynchopyle: but I am rather doubtful whether 
we should consider these as forming part of a distinct Bornean flora; I rather imagine 
them to be the relics of an older flora, common to the whole of this region. Thus 
Ehynchopyle occurs also in Gunong Pulai in Johore and in Perak, Jsoptera in Perak, 
апа Neckia in the island of Lingga and in Johore, and the greater number of the other - 
plants which one might consider as Bornean types occurring throughout the peninsula 
belong to classes of plants (such as Orchids, Aroids, and Burmanniaceæ) which the ordinary 
collector too often neglects on account of some difficulty in preserving specimens. 
General Aspect of the Flora. 
The classes of floras which I have examined in Pahang may be arranged as littoral, 
mangrove, heath country, low jungle, and subalpine forest. 
The littoral flora is well seen at Kwala Pahang, the mouth of the Pahang River. The 
seashore consists of a stretch of sand along which runs, above high-water mark, a single 
line of Ru-trees (Casuarina equisetifolia, Forst.), on the branches of which are many 
lichens and fungi, and a fine orange, Loranthus. These trees do not grow a hundred 
yards inland, but are confined to this single row. Beneath them the ground is carpeted 
with many grasses and sedges, Ipomæas, Canavalia, Vigna, &c. The most striking 
plants of this region are the poreupine-grass (Spinifex squarrosus, Labill.) and a beautiful 
prostrate blue-flowered Vitex, apparently a seashore form of 7. Negundo, Linn., which 
inland forms a small tree. Bushes of Pandanus, Crinum asiaticum, Linn., Eurycles 
amboinensis, Labill., and Tacca pinnatifida, Forst., are also conspicuous in this region. 
The mangrove-swamp, in this part of Pahang at least, is less extensive than in most 
parts of the Peninsula, on account of the sandy character of the country, as the rivers do 
not bring down the mud suited to the mangrove flora, But here and there are patches 
of mangrove-swamp, as at Sungei Meang, where there are the common species of 
Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Lumnitzera, Acanthus, Tristellateia, &c. 
Coming up the river towards Pekan, the capital of Pahang, we pass into the great 
heath district, which consists of open flat country, very sandy, dotted over with thickets 
and clumps of bushes, alternating with grassy patches. Here are very many grasses 
and sedges of much interest, together with Xyris, Drosera, Mitrasacme, and in damper 
spots white, pink, and yellow Utricularias, Limnanthemum, Vandellia, Воппауа, and 
many other small herbs. 
Among the bushes or trees are Eugenias, Rhodomyrtus, I lex, two species of Vaccinium, 
Olea maritima, Choriophyllum, Ficus of several species, Cyrtophyllum fragrans, Fagrea 
racemosa and obovata, and F. auriculata, with its huge white trumpet-shaped flowers. 
Many ferns and Loranthi grow on these bushes, and some small orchids are abundant, 
including Bulbophyllum Restrepia n. sp., Cirrhopetalums, Dendrobium pumilum, Lindl., 
