NEW LICHENS. 153 
what shining.  Lirelle nearly four lines long, rather ob- 
tuse at each end, and twisted as eels in motion; they are 
by no means immersed, according to the generic character 
of Acharius. 
VERRUCARIA, Ach, 
l. V. aspera, Tayl.; thallo illimitato, tartareo, areolato, 
areolarum marginibus elevatis, nigro-pruinoso, siccitate 
atro, madore fusco; apotheciis plurimis, immersis, apicibus 
minutis, glabris, aterrimis, poro inconspicuo. 
Has. On rocks facing the south; Dunkerron, County of 
Kerry.—Patches often four inches wide, at a distance 
resembling a coarse black powder. Thallus, by transmitted 
light in water, appears a greenish-olive membrane covered 
with coarse black pruina, while the tops of the apothecia be- 
come conspicuously black. The black perithecium passes 
beneath the globose, pale, gelatinous nucleus. In Verrucaria 
Maura, Ach. the thallus is composed beneath of thick, 
black, tartareous matter; besides the apothecia have their 
summits larger, flatter, and not contrastedly black i in the 
wet state. = 
2. V. imbrida, Tayl.; thallo illimitato, tenui tartareo, æqua- 
bili, rimoso, fusco-nigricante, madore subolivaceo, sublu- = 
cido; apotheciis minutis, immersis, poro, latiori, | 3 
nucleo pallide olivaceo. — X Pala 
Has. On smooth rocks near the spray | of water ls; county ——— 
_of Kerry, — Patches seldom two inches wide, thin and lying —— 
close to the rock. "Thallus smooth, with the lustre of the _ 
fracture of charcoal ; when wet appearing soft and brownish- | 
olive, when dry of a purplish black. Apothecia not disti 
to the naked eye. The thallus bruised in water she 
- reddish layer near to the surface. Peritheci ecium pel 
