Discussion on Mr. Gibb's Paper. 41 



So of the whole class, including the Red Astrachan. We have no 

 place for them on our list. 



Mr. 3Iunson, of Texas — I think, gentlemen, we are not discussing 

 this question in its proper order. We should wait until Prof. 

 Budd's paper is read before committing ourselves. 



Mr. Deitz, of Pennsylvania — I have seen as fine Duchess and 

 Astrachans in the markets of Sacramento and San Francisco as ever 

 grew in Wisconsin or Iowa. 



President Earle — As Prof. Budd is present, I think it would be 

 well to hear from him upon this subject. 



Prof. Budd, of Iowa — I would like to correct some false impres- 

 sions on this subject. Russia is a large country, and varieties which 

 may do well in some portions of her vast territory may be value- 

 less in other portions. Most varieties that have been introduced 

 heretofore, have been from Western and Southern Russia. The 

 climate and soil here are very different from that of the great plains 

 of Moscow and eastward. We may select varieties of fruits from 

 different portions of Russia, which may be suitable to cultivation 

 in almost any portion of the Mississippi valley. In Krakow (Si- 

 lisia) we find apples comparable to our Fameuse, Wealthy, and 

 Mcintosh's Red. In Silisia many sorts of late keepers would be 

 late keepers in Kansas and Missouri. The Winter Citron is like 

 Grimes's Golden, and would do well in West Kansas. It has a 

 thick, coriaceous leaf, with two or three more rows of palisade cells 

 than other apples. From this section to Kiev, in Southern Russia, 

 WQ may select fifty or more apples which would be valuable in Kan- 

 sas. On the eastern plain, as far as Orel, we get a race of apples 

 not equal in quality to Winter Citron, At Saratov, a dry climate, 

 we find a race of apples like Duchess. Here you will find hun- 

 dreds of varieties varying greatly in quality and time of keeping, 

 some of which are said to be as much as eight hundred years old. 

 In Kazan, where the temperature often marks — 45°, we found beau- 

 tiful orchards loaded with apples. The Anis apple is from this 

 region. It is as good as the Winesap, and has stood the last two 

 test winters at Bismarck, Dakota. In Kansas it would be a fall 

 apple. The apples of some parts of the dry east plain will doubt- 



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