136 American Horticultural Society. 



only conjecture now, but botanical analysis, nevertheless, reveals these 

 characteristics in many of our western iEstivalis. 



5. VuLPiNA Group (Foxy-leaved Grapes). 

 Dense pubescence or wool on under side of leaf, in the Labrusca and Car- 

 ibbea, often of a foxy color, and this is probably why, originally, Linnieus 

 applied Vulpina to the species, and by some mistake it was later unac- 

 countably and improperly applied to Rotundifolia or the Scuppernong. 

 To call the musky flavor of Labrusca " foxy " is a misnomer, as no fox smells 

 or tastes like that; but the under side of many Labrusca and Caribbea 

 leaves have a true foxy appearance, while no other species has. Fruit 

 usually large, with tough, thick, pungent skin, especially so in Candicans, 

 pulpy, and in Labrusca having a most characteristic musky smell and 

 taste. Leaves out, blooms and ripens after Riparia and before ^Estivalis. 

 No one of this group extends naturally into the inland basin. 



(«) Labrusca (Fox Grape). 



Atlantic slope, from Maine to Georgia. Concord, of Massachusetts, 

 Catawba, Isabella, etc., of Carolina, are fair types. Loves warm, 

 wooded, well drained, sandy lands, much of the habit of the ^stivalis ; 

 roots spreading, of medium firmness, only fairly resistant; wood firm, 

 smooth or woolly pubescent when young, of a brownish red when ma- 

 ture; diaphragm medium to thick; cuttings grow readily; leaves 

 large, entire or three-lobed, woolly pubescent beneath, often of a foxy- 

 red color, leathery; tendrils medium to strong, continuous in well 

 grown wood, though in Catawba and some others often intermittent 

 like other species, indicating intermixture; fruit large to very large, 

 in medium to large clusters; seeds large, notched at top, with sunken 

 raphe, and chalaza. The chief species upon which experimenters in 

 the United States have worked, producing innumerable varieties and 

 hybrids, the latter almost entirely with Vinifera, and generally par- 

 taking with them in their tendencies to rot, mildew, and sensitiveness 

 to extremes and philloxera. 



(6) Caribbea {Catoosa, hy some, in Florida). 

 Middle and South Florida, and almost identical with same named spe- 

 cies in Cuba, Hayti, Porto Rico and Jamaica. In Florida quite variable, 

 from much like Labrusca to close resemblance to Candicans ; roots 

 wiry; wood more or less woolly, brownish red; diaphragm medium; 

 cuttings root poorly; leaves intermediate in shape between Labrusca 

 and Candicans, deltoid, smaller than either ; pubescent, similar to La- 

 brusca, but rather more woolly; tendrils medium; fruit small to me- 

 dium, generally austere, pulpy. The species often occurs mixed with 

 JEstivalis, which is abundant in same region. Though evidently of 

 later introduction than Labrusca or Candicans, I place it here, as its 

 botanical analysis clearly requires. 



