Native Grapes of the United States. 137 



(c) Candicans, or Mustangensis (Mustang). 



Southeastern Indian Territory, in a belt from one hundred to two 

 hundred miles wide, extending southwestwardly into Mexico, Found 

 chiefly in strong, well drained limestone bottom and bluft' lands, climb- 

 ing by medium tendrils profusely to the tops of tallest trees. Have 

 found vines with as many as four continuous tendrils. Roots deep and 

 wiry; wood rather soft, but hard to root from cuttings; diaphragm 

 medium ; bark on old wood very finely divided and checked by thread- 

 like fibers, persistent, becoming very thick; young wood heavily 

 coated with a cobwebby white wool, beneath which the cuticle is of a 

 light gray; leaves usually deltoid on old vines, being nearly truncate 

 at base, and obtuse pointed with few small mucronate teeth, convex 

 on upper surface, while all other species are concave, or at most flat, 

 as in Caribbea, densely woolly below, like the young wood, and thin, 

 cobwebby hair on upper surface when young, becoming smooth and 

 leathery with age. On young vines leaves often deeply, almost pal- 

 mately-lobed, as are the ^stivalis, and this fact points to a former near 

 kinship of the two species. Fruit large to very large, in small clusters ; 

 very prolific; blooms but a few days later than Eiparia, and numer- 

 ous hybrids therewith occur, as also in Western Texas with Rupestris, 

 " Vitis Champini " being one such. Seeds intermediate in markings 

 between Woolly Riparia and ^stivalis, and also bear some resem- 

 blance to those of Rotundifolia, in sometimes having small wrinkles 

 radiating from around the chalaza. The fruit, cluster and habit of 

 vine also bear some resemblance to Rotundifolia, but otherwise it is 

 exceedingly difierent; skin thick and possessed of fiery pungency, but 

 the pulpy inside sweet and juicy, with generally a pleasant taste, but 

 none of the Labrusca flavor whatever; makes a durable, rich wine of 

 excellent taste. 



6. Meaty-fruited, Soft-rooted Group. 



Chiefly found around the Mediterranean Sea and eastward in Asia, run- 

 ning through Persia, India, Burmah, Siam, China and to Japan, originally 

 in several species. The only native in the United States of this type seems 

 to have come from across the Pacific and spread up and down in Cali- 

 fornia. 



(a) Californica. 

 In habits, roots, wood, leaves, tendrils, fruit, seeds, cluster, time of 

 blooming, ripening (which is about with ^stivalis), and the readiness 

 with which it intermingles with Vinifera growing near it, it is certainly 

 more nearly related to Vinifera than any other American species. 

 Though more resistant than Vinifera, yet it is less than any other na- 

 tive. In leaf it reminds one of the Grenache and Burgundy grapes. 



(6) Vinifera (Old World Grapes). 



Seems an artificial combination of several original species from Europe 



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